Iterative roots with circuits for piecewise continuous and globally periodic maps

Functional equations in the complex plane, iteration and composition of analytic functions of one complex variable (30D05) Iteration theory, iterative and composite equations (39B12) Functional equations for real functions (39B22) Functional equations for complex functions (39B32)

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Let \(f\) be a self-map of a subset \(D\) of the reals \(\mathbb{R}\). Such a map is called globally periodic with the prime period \(m\) if \(f^m =\text{id}\) and \(m\) is the smallest positive integer with this property. We say that \(f\) has a \(k\)-circuit for an integer \(k\geq 2\) if there is a sequence \((I_i)_{i=1}^{k}\) of pairwise disjoint intervals such that \(\bigcup _{i=1}^{k}I_i\subset D\), the restriction of \(f\) to each \(I_i\) is continuous, \(f(I_i)=I_{i+1}\) for \(i\in \{1,\ldots , k-1\}\) and \(f(I_k)=I_1\). Moreover, if \(D\) is an interval, then we say that \(f\) has a 1-circuit.NEWLINENEWLINEIn this paper, the general construction of piecewise continuous iterative roots (i.e., solutions \(g\) of the equation \(g^n=f\)) having circuits of piecewise continuous and globally periodic maps is presented. Moreover, two examples of such iterative roots for \(f:{\mathbb{R}} \setminus \{-1,2\} \to {\mathbb{R}} \setminus \{-1,2\}\) of the form \(f(x)=\frac{2x-7}{x+1}\) as well as some sufficient and necessary conditions for global periodicity of Möbius transformation (both in real and complex cases) are given.

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