Global structure of positive solutions for superlinear second-order periodic boundary value problems

Boundary eigenvalue problems for ordinary differential equations (34B09) Positive solutions to nonlinear boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B18) Bifurcation theory for ordinary differential equations (34C23)

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The authors are concerned with the second-order periodic boundary value problem NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \begin{aligned} & u-\rho^2+\lambda a(t)(u(t))=0,\;0<t<2\pi,\\ & u(0)=u(2\pi),\;u'(0)=u'(2\pi), \end{aligned}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(\rho>0\) is a constant, \(a\in C([0,2\pi],[0,+\infty))\) (\(a(t_0)>0\) for some \(t_0\in[0,2\pi]\)), \(f: [0,\infty)\to[0,\infty)\) is a continuous function and has superlinear growth at the origin. Let \(f_\infty:=\lim_{s\to+\infty}\frac{f(s)}{s}\). For different values of \(f_\infty\), the authors study the existence of solutions in terms of \(f_\infty\) and the eigenvalue \(\lambda\). The proofs of the main results use auxiliary equations and sequential arguments together with Rabinowitz' global bifurcation theorem [\textit{P. H. Rabinowitz}, J. Funct. Anal. 7, 487--513 (1971; Zbl 0212.16504)].

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