Numerical approximation of the first eigenpair of thep-laplacian using finite elements and the penalty method
Degenerate elliptic equations (35J70) Estimates of eigenvalues in context of PDEs (35P15) Nonlinear eigenvalue problems and nonlinear spectral theory for PDEs (35P30) Numerical methods for eigenvalue problems for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N25) Finite element, Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkin methods for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N30)
For \(1<p <\infty\) and for bounded convex domains \(\Omega\), the authors are interested in the first eigenvalue \(\lambda_1\) of \[ \text{div} \bigl(|\nabla |^{p-2} \nabla u\bigr) =\lambda |u|^{p-2} u\quad \text{in } \Omega, \quad u=0 \quad \text{on } \partial \Omega, \] where \(|\cdot |\) denotes the norm in \(L^2(\Omega)\). The eigenvalue \(\lambda_1\) is simple, and the eigenfunction \(u_1\) of one sign. \(\lambda_1\) is the minimum of \(F(u)= \int_\Omega |\nabla u|^p dx\) over \(W_0^{1,p} (\Omega)\) under the constraint \(G(u) =1- |u|^p =0\). To evaluate \(\lambda_1\) and \(u_1\), the sequence of penalty functionals \(L(u,\gamma_k) =F(u) +\gamma_k [G(u)]^2\) is introduced, and \(u_1\) is approximated by finite elements. Convergence is proved, and numerical results are presented for various values of \(p\) and for \(\Omega= (0,1)\), \(\Omega= (0,1) \times(0,1)\), and \(\Omega =\) unit ball in \(\mathbb{R}^2\).
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