On the well-posedness of weakly hyperbolic equations with time-dependent coefficients

DOI10.1016/J.JDE.2012.05.001MaRDI QIDQ439103zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Claudia Garetto, Michael Ruzhansky

Publication date 1 August 2012

Published in Journal of Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1107.2565

Initial value problems for higher-order hyperbolic equations (35L30) Topological linear spaces of test functions, distributions and ultradistributions (46F05)

Abstract: In this paper we analyse the Gevrey well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for weakly hyperbolic equations of general form with time-dependent coefficients. The results involve the order of lower order terms and the number of multiple roots. We also derive the corresponding well-posedness results in the space of Gevrey Beurling ultradistributions.

Review text

The authors study the well-posedness for weakly hyperbolic equations of higher order of general form with time-dependent coefficients. Consider the Cauchy problem as follows, NEWLINE\[NEWLINED^m_t u= \sum^{m-1}_{j=0} A_{m-j}(t, D_x) D^j_t u+ f(t, x),\;(t,x)\in [0,T]\times \mathbb R^n,NEWLINE\]NEWLINE NEWLINE\[NEWLINED^{k-1}_t u(0,x)= g_k(x),\quad k= 1,\dots, m,NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(A_{m-j}(t, D_x)\) is a differential operator of order \(m-j\) with continuous coefficients only depending on \(t\), and \(D_t={1\over i}\partial_t\) and \(D_x={1\over i}\partial_x\). Denote by \(A_{(m-j)}\) the principal part of \(A_{m-j}\) and let \(\tau_k(t,\xi)\), \(k= 1,\dots, m\), be the roots of the characteristic equation NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\tau^m= \sum^{m-1}_{j=0} A_{(m-j)}(t, \xi)\,\tau^j.NEWLINE\]NEWLINE The following two cases are considered.NEWLINENEWLINE Case 1. Assume that the roots \(\tau_k(t,\xi)\), \(k= 1,\dots, m\), are real-valued and of Hölder class \(C^\alpha\), \(0<\alpha\leq 1\), with respect to \(t\); for any \(t\in[0, T]\) they either coincide or are all distinct.NEWLINENEWLINE Case 2. There exists \(r\in[2, m- 1]\) such that the roots \(\tau_k(t,\tau)\), \(k= 1,\dots, r\), are real-valued, of class \(C^\alpha\), \(0<\alpha\leq 1\), with respect to \(t\) and either coincide or are all distinct and that the roots \(\tau_k(t,\tau)\), \(k= r+1,\dots, m\), are real-valued, of class \(C^\beta\), \(0<\beta\leq 1\), with respect to \(t\) and are all distinct.NEWLINENEWLINE Then the authors prove the followingNEWLINENEWLINE Theorem. Let \(T>0\) and \(0\leq l\leq m-1\), assume the conditions of Case 1. Then for any \(g_k(x)\in G^s(\mathbb R^n)\) \((k=1,\dots, m)\), the Cauchy problem has unique global solution \(u\in C^m([0,T]; G^s(\mathbb R^n))\), provides that \(1\leq s< 1+\min\{\alpha,{m-l\over m}\}\). Furthermore let \(2\leq r\leq m-1\) and assume the conditions of the Case 2. Then the solution \(u\in C^m([0, T]; G^s(\mathbb R^n))\) exists if \(1\leq s< 1+ \min\{\alpha,{\beta\over r-\beta}\}\).

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