Sharkovskii order for non-wandering points

For a continuous interval map \(f\), the Sharkovskii theorem states that if \(f\) has a periodic point of period \(p\) and \(p \rightarrow q\), where \(\rightarrow\) represents the Sharkovskii ordering of \(\mathbb{Z}^+\), then \(f\) has a periodic point of period \(q\). The paper reviewed here generalizes Sharkovskii's theorem to nonwandering points of \(f\) by replacing periodic points with neighborhoods and periods with first return times. Instead of requiring \(p \rightarrow q\) as in the Sharkovskii theorem, the authors require that \(R_n \rightarrow S_n\) for all \(n \in \mathbb{Z}^+\), where \((R_n)_{n \in \mathbb{Z}^+}\) is the sequence of first return times of a system of neighborhoods of a nonwandering point of \(f\). Under some conditions, the authors prove that \(f\) has a periodic point of period \(S_n\) for all \(n \in \mathbb{Z}^+\).

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