Notes on the third law of thermodynamics: I

DOI10.1088/0305-4470/36/30/301zbMATH Open1041.80001arXivphysics/0210037OpenAlexW3081602683MaRDI QIDQ4451129FDOQ4451129

F. Belgiorno

Publication date: 23 February 2004

Published in: Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We analyze some aspects of the third law of thermodynamics. We first review both the entropic version (N) and the unattainability version (U) and the relation occurring between them. Then, we heuristically interpret (N) as a continuity boundary condition for thermodynamics at the boundary T=0 of the thermodynamic domain. On a rigorous mathematical footing, we discuss the third law both in Carath'eodory's approach and in Gibbs' one. Carath'eodory's approach is fundamental in order to understand the nature of the surface T=0. In fact, in this approach, under suitable mathematical conditions, T=0 appears as a leaf of the foliation of the thermodynamic manifold associated with the non-singular integrable Pfaffian form $delta{Q}_{rev}$. Being a leaf, it cannot intersect any other leaf $S=$ const. of the foliation. We show that (N) is equivalent to the requirement that T=0 is a leaf. In Gibbs' approach, the peculiar nature of T=0 appears to be less evident because the existence of the entropy is a postulate; nevertheless, it is still possible to conclude that the lowest value of the entropy has to belong to the boundary of the convex set where the function is defined.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0210037

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zbMATH Keywords

Cauchy problemminimum entropyfoliationLie derivativeheat capacityphase coexistenceDebye modelPfaffian formCarathéodory approachGibbsian approachLandsberg hypothesisnon-homogeneous thermodynamicsPlanck postulate

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Applications of global differential geometry to the sciences (53C80) Classical and relativistic thermodynamics (80A10) Foundations of thermodynamics and heat transfer (80A05)

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