Polynomials with and without determinantal representations

DOI10.1016/J.LAA.2012.04.043zbMATH Open1259.15016arXiv1008.1931OpenAlexW2963622396WikidataQ61677676 ScholiaQ61677676MaRDI QIDQ445815FDOQ445815

Andreas Thom, Tim Netzer

Publication date: 27 August 2012

Published in: Linear Algebra and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The problem of writing real zero polynomials as determinants of linear matrix polynomials has recently attracted a lot of attention. Helton and Vinnikov have proved that any real zero polynomial in two variables has a determinantal representation. Br"and'en has shown that the result does not extend to arbitrary numbers of variables, disproving the generalized Lax conjecture. We prove that in fact almost no real zero polynomial admits a determinantal representation; there are dimensional differences between the two sets. So the generalized Lax conjecture fails badly. The result follows from a general upper bound on the size of linear matrix polynomials. We then provide a large class of surprisingly simple explicit real zero polynomials that do not have a determinantal representation, improving upon Br"and'en's mostly unconstructive result. We finally characterize polynomials of which some power has a determinantal representation, in terms of an algebra with involution having a finite dimensional representation. We use the characterization to prove that any quadratic real zero polynomial has a determinantal representation, after taking a high enough power. Taking powers is thereby really necessary in general. The representations emerge explicitly, and we characterize them up to unitary equivalence.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1008.1931

zbMATH Keywords

characterizationconvex setsdeterminantal representationsHyperbolic polynomialslinear matrix polynomialsreal zero polynomials

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Multilinear algebra, tensor calculus (15A69) Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, and related matrices (15B57) Special polytopes (linear programming, centrally symmetric, etc.) (52B12) Determinants, permanents, traces, other special matrix functions (15A15) Quadratic and bilinear forms, inner products (15A63) Matrix pencils (15A22)

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Cited In (27)

• Correlation matrices, Clifford algebras, and completely positive semidefinite rank
• Determinantal Representations of Stable Polynomials
• NORMAL AND TRIANGULAR DETERMINANTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF MULTIVARIATE POLYNOMIALS
• Symmetric determinantal representations in characteristic 2
• The Chow form of a reciprocal linear space
• Conic stability of polynomials and positive maps
• Extreme points of matrix convex sets, free spectrahedra, and dilation theory
• A complete characterization of determinantal quadratic polynomials
• Non-representable hyperbolic matroids
• Density of rational points near/on compact manifolds with certain curvature conditions
• Noncommutative polynomials describing convex sets
• Determinantal representations and the Hermite matrix
• Bianalytic maps between free spectrahedra
• Indecomposable matrices defining plane cubics
• Hyperbolicity cones of elementary symmetric polynomials are spectrahedral
• Stable Noncommutative Polynomials and Their Determinantal Representations
• Stable and real-zero polynomials in two variables
• Bianalytic free maps between spectrahedra and spectraballs
• Roots of bivariate polynomial systems via determinantal representations
• Minimal determinantal representations of bivariate polynomials
• Symmetric determinantal representation of polynomials
• Testing hyperbolicity of real polynomials
• Determinantal representations of hyperbolic plane curves: an elementary approach
• LMI Representations of Convex Semialgebraic Sets and Determinantal Representations of Algebraic Hypersurfaces: Past, Present, and Future
• Hyperbolic polynomials and generalized Clifford algebras
• Spectrahedrality of hyperbolicity cones of multivariate matching polynomials
• Free loci of matrix pencils and domains of noncommutative rational functions

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