Is every matrix similar to a polynomial in a companion matrix?

DOI10.1016/J.LAA.2012.04.049MaRDI QIDQ445817zbMATHOpenAlexFDO

Authors Fernando Szechtman, N. H. Guersenzvaig

Publication date 27 August 2012

Published in Linear Algebra and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1304.1794

zbMATH Keywords

algorithmfinite fieldelementary divisorscompanion matrices\(R\)-moduleintegrally closed ringinvariant factors

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Vector and tensor algebra, theory of invariants (15A72) Matrices over special rings (quaternions, finite fields, etc.) (15B33) Canonical forms, reductions, classification (15A21)

Abstract: Given a field $F$, an integer $ngeq1$, and a matrix $Ain{M}_n(F)$, are there polynomials $f,ginF[X]$, with $f$ monic of degree $n$, such that $A$ is similar to $g(C_f)$, where $C_f$ is the companion matrix of $f$? For infinite fields the answer is easily seen to positive, so we concentrate on finite fields. In this case we give an affirmative answer, provided $|F|geqn-2$. Moreover, for any finite field $F$, with $|F|=m$, we construct a matrix $Ain{M}_{m+3}(F)$ that is not similar to any matrix of the form $g(C_f)$. Of use above, but also of independent interest, is a constructive procedure to determine the similarity type of any given matrix $g(C_f)$ purely in terms of $f$ and $g$, without resorting to polynomial roots in $F$ or in any extension thereof. This, in turn, yields an algorithm that, given $g$ and the invariant factors of any $A$, returns the elementary divisors of $g(A)$. It is a rational procedure, as opposed to the classical method that uses the Jordan decomposition of $A$ to find that of $g(A)$. Finally, extending prior results by the authors, we show that for an integrally closed ring $R$ with field of fractions $F$ and companion matrices $C,D$ the subalgebra $R<C,D>$ of $M_n(R)$ is a free $R$-module of rank $n+(n-m)(n-1)$, where $m$ is the degree of $gcd(f,g)inF[X]$, and a presentation for $R<C,D>$ is given in terms of $C$ and $D$. A counterexample is furnished to show that $R<C,D>$ need not be a free $R$-module if $R$ is not integrally closed. The preceding information is used to study $M_n(R)$, and others, as $R[X]$-modules.

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Cited in

(6)

• Subalgebras of matrix algebras generated by companion matrices.
• Classification of linked indecomposable modules of a family of solvable Lie algebras over an arbitrary field of characteristic 0
• Is every matrix similar to a Toeplitz matrix?
• Cyclic matrices and polynomial interpolation over division rings
• Generalized Artin-Schreier polynomials
• Rings of matrices generated by a companion matrix.

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