Dynamics of a reaction-diffusion-advection model for two competing species
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The following reaction-diffusion-advection model for two competing species in a spatially heterogeneous environment is studied: NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\begin{cases} u_t=\nabla \cdot (\mu\nabla u-\alpha u\nabla m)+u(m(x)-u-v) & \text{ in } \Omega\times (0,\infty), \\ v_t=\nabla \cdot (\nu\nabla v-\beta v\nabla m)+v(m(x)-u-v) & \text{ in } \Omega\times (0,\infty), \\ \mu {\partial u\over \partial n}-\alpha u {\partial m\over \partial n}=0, \;\nu {\partial v\over \partial n}-\beta v {\partial m\over \partial n}=0 & \text{ on } \partial \Omega\times (0,\infty), \\ u(x,0)=u_0(x), v(x,0)=v_0(x) & \text{ in } \Omega. \end{cases} NEWLINE\]NEWLINE Here \(\mu\), \(\nu\) represent the random dispersal rates of the two species respectively, \(\alpha\), \(\beta\) represent the advection rates of the two species respectively, and \(m(x)\) represents the local intrinsic growth rate. It is assumed that \(m(x)>0\) in \(\bar \Omega\) and is non-constant, and \(u_0(x), v_0(x)\geq 0\) are not identically zero.NEWLINENEWLINEFix any advection rates \(\alpha,\beta>0\). It is shown that the coexistence of the two species are determined by the relative size of the diffusion rates \(\mu\) and \(\nu\). If one diffusion rate is large and the other sufficiently larger, then the species with the larger rate will be driven to extinction. If one diffusion rate is small and the other sufficiently smaller, then the species with the smaller rate will be driven to extinction. If one diffusion rate is small and the other is large, then the two species can coexist.
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