The obrechkoff integral transform: properties and relation to a generalized fractional calculus

DOI10.1080/01630560008816944MaRDI QIDQ4484801zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Ivan Dimovski, Virginia Kiryakova

Publication date 28 August 2000

Published in Numerical Functional Analysis and Optimization (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1080/01630560008816944

Duhamel convolution generalized fractional calculus hyper-Bessel differential operator hyper-Bessel integral operator inversion formulae Laplace transform Laplace-type integral transforms Meijer's \(G\)-functions Obrechkoff integral transform Obrechkoff transform operational calculus

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Fractional derivatives and integrals (26A33) Hypergeometric integrals and functions defined by them ((E), (G), (H) and (I) functions) (33C60) Laplace transform (44A10) Special integral transforms (Legendre, Hilbert, etc.) (44A15)

Review text

The paper surveys, exhaustively, the characters, possible generalizations and extensions and applications of one of the most general Laplace-type integral transforms, known as Obrechkoff integral transform [cf. \textit{N. Obrechkoff}, Bulgar. Akad. Nauk, Otdel Mat. Fiz. Nauk., Izv. Mat. Inst. 3, No. 1, 3-32 (1958); Englisch translation in East J. Approx. 3, No 1, 89-110 (1997; Zbl 0896.45003)]. It consists of 6 sections, each of which is selfcontained, explaining each term and approach very clearly, and the mathematical explanations are well proposed. The given references are so important that the paper can be further extended to various other branches, viz. generalized functions, index transforms and wavelet transforms. The theorem of S. Bernstein [cf. \textit{D. V. Widder}, An Introduction to transform theory, Academic Press, N. Y and London (1971; Zbl 0219.44001) pp. 155-161, and \textit{S. Bernstein}, Acta Math. 52, 1-66 (1928; JFM 55.0142.07)] on the integral representations of absolutely monotonic functions, was the initiation for Obrechkoff's rigorous investigation, which finally has been spelled in the form \[ F(s)=\int^\infty_0 \Phi(xs) f(x)dx, \] where the kernel \(\Phi(x)\) is proposed by \[ \Phi(x)= \int^\infty_0 \cdots\int^\infty_0 u_1^{\beta_1} \dots u_p^{\beta_p} \exp\left\{-u_1- \cdots-u_p- {x\over u_1 \dots u_p}\right\} du_1 \dots du_p. \] Section 1 of this article also reveals, that the fundamental aim of Obrechkoff was to replace the differentiation \(D^n=(d/ds)^n\) in the condition \((-1)^nF^{(n)}(s)\geq 0\), by a Bessel type differential operator of arbitrary order [also called hyper-Bessel differential operator; see \textit{Dimovski}, C. R. Acad. Bulg. Sci. 19, 1111-1114 (1966)], and to obtain a new integral representation, and in arriving to it, he first obtained some special functions' transforms closely related to the Meijer transform [cf. \textit{N. Obrechkoff}, Izvestia Mat. Institut, Sofia, 1, 883-1110 (1953)] and later came to the general transform. Dimovski developed (in 1966) a Mikusinki-type approach to an operational calculus for the most general differential operators of Bessel type and later (in 1974) this was recognized to modify the Obrechkoff transform as \[ {\mathcal O}\{f;s\}= \beta\int^\infty_0 x^{\beta(\gamma_m+1)-1} K\bigl[(xs)^\beta \bigr] f(x)dx, \] with the kernel function \[ K(s)= \int^\infty_0 \cdots\int^\infty_0 \exp\left\{-u_1 \dots-u_{m-1} -{x\over u_1 \dots u_{m-1}} \right\} \prod^m_{k=1} u_k^{\gamma_m- \gamma_k-1} du_1\dots du_{m-1}, \] which was used as a transform basis of the operational calculus for the Bessel-type differential operators [cf, \textit{V. Kiryakova}, Generalized fractional calculus and applications, Pitman Research Notes in Math. Series \# 301, Longman Scientific \& Technical (1994; Zbl 0882.26003) p. 98], while in a series of papers, Dimovski obtained some of the basic properties of the Obrechkoff transform. Section 2 prescribes some relevant definitions and notations, which can be studied, also, in detail in the book of Kiryakova (1994), pp. 97-200. While the authors suggest the new approach, and recent trends, to the hyper-Bessel operators (one such form is as follows) \[ y(x)=Lf(x)= {x^\beta \over \beta^m} \int^1_0 \cdots \int^1_0\left[ \prod^m_{k=1} x_k^{\gamma_k} \right]f \bigl[x (x_1, \dots,x_m)^{1/ \beta}\bigr] dx_1\dots dx_m \] and to the corresponding Obrechkoff integral transform, which is based on the use of the Meijer's \(G\)-functions and which incidentally, due to Lemma 1 (this paper p. 125) leads to a new definition of the Obrechkoff transform \[ {\mathcal O}\{f;s\}= \beta s^{-\beta (\gamma_m+1) +1}\int^\infty_0 G^{m,0}_{0,m} \left[(xs)^\beta \left|\begin{matrix} - \\ (\gamma_k-1/ \beta+1)^m_1 \end{matrix}\right.\right] f(x)dx. \] On p. 127 of this paper, the authors give a brief historical sketch of hyper-Bessel integral operator and at the same time give a meaning to the generalized fractional calculus by enumerating definitions of known integral operators. Properties of the Obrechkoff transform, said to have been derived in a series of papers by the authors, are mentioned in Section 3 by following the analogy with the classical theory of the Laplace transform and studying the Duhamel convolution \[ (f*g)(x)= \int^\infty_0 f(x-t)g(t)dt =x\int^1_0 f \bigl[ x(1-\sigma) \bigr] g(x\sigma) d\sigma, \] which is a convolution of the Laplace transform. Five significant properties are described in the form of five theorems e.g. the auxiliary operation \((\circ)\) is a convolution of the Obrechkoff transform in the space of locally integrable functions \(f(x)\) on \((0, \infty)\), denoted by \(\Omega\); an integral of the product of two \(G\)-functions incorporates practically all necessary images of Obrechkoff transformable functions and the Obrechkoff transform satisfies some integral and differential rules, analogous to the known ones for the Laplace transform, but related to hyper-Bessel differential and integral operators instead of the usual differentiation and integration; operational rules for the Obrechkoff transform; the transmutation operator \(\varphi\) generates the Obrechkoff transform from the Laplace transform and the Abelian initial and final value problems. In Section 4, there is a mention of various inversion formulae (first, second, third and fourth complex inversion formulae and the real inversion formula) which can be used, according to specific purpose and use, to obtain complex inversion formulae for the Obrechkoff transform, analogous to the Riemann-Mellin inversion formulae for the Laplace transform \[ f(x)={1\over 2\pi i}\int^{\rho+i \infty}_{\rho-i \infty}\exp (xs){\mathcal L}\bigl \{f(x);s\bigr\}ds. \] Section 5 describes interesting special cases and Section 6 suggests a key to further generalizations of the Obrechkoff transform. The page numbers for the reference 23 be read as 883-1110 instead of 883-110.

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