On sums of Apéry polynomials and related congruences

DOI10.1016/J.JNT.2012.05.014zbMATH Open1275.11038OpenAlexW2963084850MaRDI QIDQ452397FDOQ452397

Authors Zhi-Wei Sun 

Publication date 21 September 2012

Published in Journal of Number Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1101.1946

zbMATH Keywords

congruencesbinomial coefficientsBernoulli numbersApéry numbers and Apéry polynomials

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Factorials, binomial coefficients, combinatorial functions (05A10) Congruences; primitive roots; residue systems (11A07) Bernoulli and Euler numbers and polynomials (11B68) Binomial coefficients; factorials; (q)-identities (11B65)

Abstract: The Ap'ery polynomials are given by ${\displaystyle }$A_n(x)=sum_{k=0}^n�inom nk^2�inom{n+k}k^2x^k (n=0,1,2,ldots).${\displaystyle }$ (Those $A_n=A_n(1)$ are Ap'ery numbers.) Let $p$ be an odd prime. We show that ${\displaystyle }$sum_{k=0}^{p-1}(-1)^kA_k(x)equivsum_{k=0}^{p-1}frac{�inom{2k}k^3}{16^k}x^kpmod{p^2},${\displaystyle }$ and that ${\displaystyle }$sum_{k=0}^{p-1}A_k(x)equivleft(frac xp ight)sum_{k=0}^{p-1}frac{�inom{4k}{k,k,k,k}}{(256x)^k}pmod{p}${\displaystyle }$ for any $p$-adic integer $xotequiv0pmodp$. This enables us to determine explicitly $su{m}_{k=0}^{p-1}(pm1{)}^k{A}_k$ mod $p$, and $su{m}_{k=0}^{p-1}(-1{)}^k{A}_k$ mod $p^2$ in the case $pequiv2pmod3$. Another consequence states that ${\displaystyle }$sum_{k=0}^{p-1}(-1)^kA_k(-2)equiv�egin{cases}4x^2-2ppmod{p^2}&mbox{if} p=x^2+4y^2 (x,yinmathbb Z),\0pmod{p^2}&mbox{if} pequiv3pmod4.end{cases}${\displaystyle }$ We also prove that for any prime $p>3$ we have ${\displaystyle }$sum_{k=0}^{p-1}(2k+1)A_kequiv p+frac 76p^4B_{p-3}pmod{p^5}${\displaystyle }$ where $B_0,B_1,B_2,ldots$ are Bernoulli numbers.

Recommendations

• On congruences involving Apéry numbers
• On divisibility of sums of Apéry polynomials
• Two congruences concerning Apéry numbers conjectured by Z.-W. Sun
• Proof of some conjectures of Z.-W. Sun on congruences for Apéry polynomials
• Some congruences for the Apéry numbers

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Cited in

(41)

• On two congruences involving Apéry and Franel numbers
• A new \(q\)-extension of the (H.2) congruence of Van Hamme for primes \(p\equiv 1\pmod{4}\)
• Factors of alternating sums of powers of \(q\)-Narayana numbers
• A \(q\)-supercongruence modulo the third power of a cyclotomic polynomial
• On the divisibility of some truncated hypergeometric series
• On sums of coefficients of polynomials related to the Borwein conjectures
• Supercongruences motivated by \(e\)
• On the divisibility of sums involving powers of multi-variable Schmidt polynomials
• Proof of some conjectures of Z.-W. Sun on congruences for Apéry polynomials
• Power-partible reduction and congruences for Apéry numbers
• Proof of a conjecture involving Sun polynomials
• A family of \(q\)-congruences modulo the square of a cyclotomic polynomial
• Super congruences for two Apéry-like sequences
• New congruences for sums involving Apéry numbers or central Delannoy numbers
• Factors of some truncated basic hypergeometric series
• Congruences for Franel numbers
• CONGRUENCES CONCERNING JACOBI POLYNOMIALS AND APÉRY-LIKE FORMULAE
• A supercongruence involving cubes of Catalan numbers
• Factors of certain basic hypergeometric sums
• Reduction for congruences of partial sums of P-recursive sequences
• On the divisibility of sums involving Apéry-like polynomials
• Generalized Legendre polynomials and related supercongruences
• Two congruences concerning Apéry numbers conjectured by Z.-W. Sun
• Congruences for sums involving Franel numbers
• Telescoping method and congruences for double sums
• A $q$-congruence for a truncated $_4\varphi_3$ series
• Another family of \(q\)-congruences modulo the square of a cyclotomic polynomial
• On some congruences involving Domb numbers and harmonic numbers
• Congruences for the \((p-1)\)th Apéry number
• Congruences involving \(g_n(x)=\sum\limits_{k=0}^n\dbinom{n}{k}^2\dbinom{2k}{k}x^k\)
• Some congruences involving powers of Legendre polynomials
• A common \(q\)-analogue of two supercongruences
• On congruences involving Apéry numbers
• Congruences for Apéry numbers \(\beta_n = \sum_{k = 0}^n \binom{n}{k}^2 \binom{n + k}{k}\)
• Some \(q\)-supercongruences related to Swisher's (H.3) conjecture
• On divisibility of sums of Apéry polynomials
• The asymptotic log-convexity of Apéry-like numbers
• Hankel-type determinants for some combinatorial sequences
• Apéry polynomials and the multivariate saddle point method
• A new extension of the (H.2) supercongruence of Van Hamme for primes \(p\equiv 3\operatorname{mod}{4}\)
• On two supercongruences involving Almkvist-Zudilin sequences

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