scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1737301

Authors

Publication date 5 May 2002

Collections of articles of miscellaneous specific interest (00B15) Experimental work for problems pertaining to mechanics of deformable solids (74-05) Proceedings, conferences, collections, etc. pertaining to mechanics of deformable solids (74-06) Phase transformations in solids (74Nxx) Finite element methods applied to problems in solid mechanics (74S05)

Review text

This interesting collecton consists of six works devoted to different aspects of study and application of shape memory alloys (SMA). In part 1 the properties and features of copper-based SMA are considered. The experimental results obtained by transmission electron microscopy demonstrate the complexity effects connected with martensitic transformation between metastable phases. The crystallographic properties of SMA are presented, and important effects of dislocations are emphasized. By this, the interaction of martensitic transformations with dislocatons and precipitates is quantified. The developed one-dimensional thermomechanical local model describes the single crystal behavior, taking into account the time, temperature and coexistence of phases. The effects introduced by a training of SMA are studied, too. Part 2 is the devoted to connecton of the micro- and macroscale views on SMA behavior. The microstructural approach of Likhachev (the so-called structure-analytical theory of strength) defines the first view. The phase deformation due to crystallographic lattice rearrangement and two types of plastic deformations, namely (i) the micro-plastic deformaton caused by interphase stresses arising at the accomodation of martensite, and (ii) the active plastic deformation due to external mechanical loading, are considered. The formulation of constitutive equations for alloys of Ti-Ni type are accompanied by examples of calculations. Then, a macroscopic predictive theory, which can be used for engineering purposes, is presented. It is shown that most of SMA properties are caused by internal constraints to which different SMA phases are subjected. The next part focuses on the modelling of the main macroscale behavior of SMA with emphasis on the possibility of solving specific constitutive schemes by using classical numerical techniques, e.g. finite element method. The review of the constitutive modelling on three levels (macro-, micro-macro- and macroscale) is finished by a detailed consideration of three macrolevel models of particular interest. Then, an alternative approach is considered in the framework of the so-called generalized plasticity. The three-dimensional finite-strain models based on this theory, which reproduce the superelastic effect, and also the discussion of an algorithmic scheme for the solution complete part 3. Part 4 presents experimental data characterizing the possibility of exploiting the memory ability of SMA in structural systems under dynamic loading. Separate sections describing the experience of three laboratories in Italy, France and Japan include the state-of-the-art, laboratory testing and results of numerical simulations. The first report is devoted to the shape-memory effect whereas the other two describe the superplastic effect. A synthesis of three experiences is presented in the final section, pointing out the minimal number of steps to obtain a good material characterisation and/or certification. Numerous and interesting applications of SMA technology and devices to reinforce civil constructions and cultural heritage structures are given in part 5. In particular, the advantage of SMA reinforcements compared with usual steel ones is shown. The impressive examples of SMA applications in restoration of San Giorgio Church Bell-Tower, the San Francesco Basilica in Assisi, and San Feliciano Cathedral facade in Foligno (Italy) are described. The last part investigates the possibility to use shape memory actuators for automotive components. In particular, certain design criteria for construction of SMA actuators for vehicles are given, and future opportunities for SMA applications in the automotive sector are discussed. In total, this collection presents an interesting contribution to the SMA field. It can be very useful to the corresponding scientists and engineers. However, the reviewer regrets that there are some misses in the collection text. The main from them is the absence all 20 figures in part 6 (\textit{F. Butera}) on which there are references in the text.

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