Rellich inequalities with weights

The authors consider the following cases: {\parindent=6mm\begin{itemize}\item[(i)] [Navier case] \(u\) vanishes on \(\partial \Omega\) and in a neighborhood of 0 and of \(\infty\). Denote this functional space as \(C^2_c(\overline{\Omega} \setminus \{0\})\). \item[(ii)] [Dirichlet case] \(u\) has compact support in \(\Omega\). Denote this functional space as \(C^2_c (\Omega)\). \end{itemize}} The inequality \[ \int_{\mathbb{R}^n} |\Delta u|^2 dx \geq \mu_n \int_{\mathbb{R}^n}|x|^{-4} |u|^2 dx, \quad \forall u\in C^2_{c}(\mathbb{R}^n \setminus \{0\} ), \] was considered by \textit{F. Rellich} [Perturbation theory of eigenvalue problems. New York, London, Paris: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers (1969; Zbl 0181.42002)] with an optimal constant \(\mu_n\). The more general version \[ \int_{\mathbb{R}^n} |x|^{\alpha} |\Delta u|^2 dx \geq \mu_{n,\alpha} \int_{\mathbb{R}^n}|x|^{\alpha-4} |u|^2 dx, \quad \forall u\in C^2_{c}(\mathbb{R}^n \setminus \{0\} ), \tag{1} \] was studied by \textit{W. D. Evans} and \textit{R. T. Lewis} [Math. Z. 251, No. 2, 267--284 (2005; Zbl 1090.35153)] with some restrictions on \(\alpha\). Let \(\Omega\) be a cone in \(\mathbb{R}^n\) with \(n\geq 2\). For every fixed \(\alpha \in \mathbb{R}\), the authors find the best constant in the Rellich inequality \(\int_{\Omega} |x|^{\alpha} |\Delta u |^2 dx \geq C\int_{\Omega} |x|^{\alpha-4} |u|^2\) for \(u\in C^2_c(\overline{\Omega} \setminus \{0\})\), and estimate the best constant for the same inequality on \(C_c^2(\Omega)\). The authors evaluate the best constants \[ \begin{aligned} \mu_N(\Omega; \alpha): &= \inf_{u\in C_c^2 (\overline{\Omega}\setminus \{0\}), u \neq 0} \frac{\int_{\Omega} |x|^{\alpha}|\Delta u|^2 dx}{\int_{\Omega}|x|^{\alpha-4}|u|^2 dx} , \\ \mu_D(\Omega; \alpha): &= \inf_{u\in C_c^2 (\Omega), u \neq 0} \frac{\int_{\Omega} |x|^{\alpha}|\Delta u|^2 dx}{\int_{\Omega}|x|^{\alpha-4}|u|^2 dx}, \end{aligned} \] and study \(\int_{\Omega} |x|^{\alpha} |\Delta u|^2 dx \geq C \int_{\Omega} |x|^{\alpha-4}|u|^2 dx\) on cones \(\Omega = \mathcal{C}_{\Sigma} : = \{r\sigma | r>0, \sigma\in \Sigma \}\), where \(\Sigma\) is a domain of class \(C^2\) in the unit sphere \(\mathbb{S}^{n-1}\). The authors provide an explicit formula for the best constant in the Navier case and estimates from below in the Dirichlet case, and provide a complete answer on the validity of \textrm{(1)} for all \(\alpha\in \mathbb{R}\) and in any dimension \(n\geq 2\). Furthermore, the authors compute the sharp value of the best constant \(\mu_{n,\alpha}: = \mu_D (\mathbb{R}^n \setminus \{0\}; \alpha) = \mu_N(\mathbb{R}^n \setminus \{0\}; \alpha)\), that turns out to be \[ \mu_{n,\alpha} = \min_{k\in \mathbb{N} \cup \{0\}} \left|\left(\frac{n-2}{2}\right)^2 - \left(\frac{\alpha-2}{2}\right)^2 + k(n-2+k)\right|^2 \tag{2} \] The authors consider cone-like domains, that are of the following kind: {\parindent=6mm\begin{itemize}\item[(i)] Bounded domains of the form \(\Omega = \mathcal{C}_{\Sigma} \cap \mathbb{B}^n\), where \(\mathbb{B}^n\) denotes the unit ball in \(\mathbb{R}^n\). \item[(ii)] Exterior domains of the form \(\Omega = \mathcal{C}_{\Sigma} \setminus \overline{\mathbb{B}^n}\). \end{itemize}} Let the domain be either the punctured ball or the complement of the ball. Let \(\mu_{n,\alpha}\) be given by (2) and \(\overline{\gamma}_{n,\alpha} : = \left(\frac{n-2}{2}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{\alpha -2}{2}\right)^2\). They prove that if \(\Omega = \mathbb{B}^{n} \setminus \{0\}\) or \(\Omega = \mathbb{R}^n \setminus \overline{\mathbb{B}^n}\) then the following inequalities hold with sharp constants: {\parindent=6mm\begin{itemize}\item[(i)] [Navier case] for every \(u\in C^2_c (\overline{\Omega}\setminus \{0\})\) one has \[ \int_{\Omega} |x|^{\alpha} |\Delta u|^2 dx - \mu_{n,\alpha} \int_{\Omega} |x|^{\alpha-4} |u|^2 dx \geq \frac{\overline{\gamma}_{n,\alpha}}{2} \int_{\Omega} |x|^{\alpha -4} |\log |x||^{-2}|u|^2 dx, \] \item[(ii)] [Dirichlet case] for every \(u\in C^2_c (\Omega)\) one has \[ \begin{multlined} \int_{\Omega} |x|^{\alpha} |\Delta u|^2 dx - \mu_{n,\alpha} \int_{\Omega} |x|^{\alpha-4} |u|^2 dx \geq \frac{\overline{\gamma}_{n,\alpha}}{2} \int_{\Omega} |x|^{\alpha -4} |\log |x||^{-2}|u|^2 dx \\ + \frac{9}{16} \int_{\Omega} |x|^{\alpha -4} |\log |x||^{-4}|u|^2 dx. \end{multlined} \] \end{itemize}}

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