Positive solutions of Schrödinger equations and fine regularity of boundary points

DOI10.1007/S00209-011-0940-5MaRDI QIDQ455647zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 22 October 2012

Published in Mathematische Zeitschrift (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1009.4084

bounded Lipschitz domain in \(\mathbb R^n\)finely regular boundary points Martin kernel

Dirichlet forms (31C25) Martin boundary theory (31C35) Integral representations of solutions to PDEs (35C15) Second-order elliptic equations (35J15)

Abstract: Given a Lipschitz domain

O m e g a

in

{m a t h b b R}^{N}

and a nonnegative potential

V

in

O m e g a

such that

V (x), d (x, p a r t i a l O m e g a)^{2}

is bounded in

O m e g a

we study the fine regularity of boundary points with respect to the Schr"odinger operator

L_{V} := D e l t a - V

in

O m e g a

. Using potential theoretic methods, several conditions equivalent to the fine regularity of

z i n p a r t i a l O m e g a

are established. The main result is a simple (explicit if

O m e g a

is smooth) necessary and sufficient condition involving the size of

V

for

z

to be finely regular. An essential intermediate result consists in a majorization of

i n t_{A} | f r a c u d (., p a r t i a l O m e g a) |^{2}, d x

for

u

positive harmonic in

O m e g a

and

A s u b s e t O m e g a

. Conditions for almost everywhere regularity in a subset

A

of

p a r t i a l O m e g a

are also given as well as an extension of the main results to a notion of fine

{m a t h c a l L}_{1} | {m a t h c a l L}_{0}

-regularity, if

{m a t h c a l L}_{j} = m a t h c a l L - V_{j}

,

V_{0},, V_{1}

being two potentials, with

V_{0} l e q V_{1}

and

m a t h c a l L

a second order elliptic operator.

Review text

Let \(\Omega \) be a bounded Lipschitz domain in \(\mathbb{R}^{N}\) \((N\geq 2)\), let \(x_{0}\in \Omega \) and let \(\delta _{\Omega }(x)\) denote the distance of a point \(x\) from \(\mathbb{R}^{N}\backslash \Omega \). Also, let \(V:\Omega \rightarrow [ 0,\infty )\) be a Borel measurable function satisfying \(V\leq a \delta _{\Omega }^{-2}\) for some \(a\geq 0\) and let \(L_{V}=\Delta -V\), where \(\Delta \) is the Laplacian. Given \(y\in \partial \Omega \) let \(K_{y}\) denote the Martin kernel for \(\Omega \) and \(\Delta \) with pole at \(y\), normalized at \(x_{0}\). Then \(K_{y}\) is \(L_{V}\)-superharmonic, and we can consider its greatest \(L_{V}\)-harmonic minorant \(\widetilde{K}_{y}^{V}\) in \(\Omega \). We say that \(y\) is \(V\)-finely regular if \(\widetilde{K}_{y}^{V}>0\) . The main result of this paper says that \(y\) is \(V\)-finely regular if and only if \(\int_{\Omega }G(x_{0},\cdot )VK_{y}<\infty \), where \(G(x_{0},\cdot )\) is the Green function for \(\Omega \) and \(\Delta \) with pole at \(x_{0}\). In the case where \(\partial \Omega \) is \(C^{1,\alpha }\)-smooth for some \(\alpha \in (0,1]\), it follows that \(y\) is \(V\)-finely regular if and only if \(\int_{\Omega }\delta _{\Omega }^{2}V\left| y-\cdot \right|^{-N}<\infty \). The erratum corrects a small, but misleading, misprint in the statement of Theorem 1.1: the Green function in condition (ii) should be with respect to \(\Delta \) rather than \(L_{V}\).

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