Tension-dependent transverse buckles and wrinkles in twisted elastic sheets

transverse to the axis of twist. Three distinct buckling regimes characterized as clamp-dominated, bendable, and stiff are identified, by introducing a bendability length

L_{B}

and a clamp length

L_{C} (< L_{B})

. In the stiff regime (

L > L_{B}

), we find that mode

n = 1

develops above

e t a_{t r} e q u i v e t a_{S} s i m (t / W) T^{- 1 / 2}

, independent of

L

. In the bendable regime

L_{C} < L < L_{B}

,

n = 1

as well as

n > 1

occur above

e t a_{t r} e q u i v e t a_{B} s i m s q r t t / L T^{- 1 / 4}

. Here, we find the wavelength

l a m b d a_{B} s i m s q r t L t T^{- 1 / 4}

, when

n > 1

. These scalings agree with those derived from a covariant form of the F"oppl-von K'arm'an equations, however, we find that the

n = 1

mode also occurs over a surprisingly large range of

L

in the bendable regime. Finally, in the clamp-dominated regime (

L < L_{c}

), we find that

e t a_{t r}

is higher compared to

e t a_{B}

due to additional stiffening induced by the clamped boundary conditions.

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