Global energy fluxes in turbulent channels with flow control
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Abstract: This paper addresses the integral energy fluxes in natural and controlled turbulent channel flows, where active skin-friction drag reduction techniques allow a more efficient use of the available power. We study whether the increased efficiency shows any general trend in how energy is dissipated by the mean velocity field (mean dissipation) and by the fluctuating velocity field (turbulent dissipation). Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of different control strategies are performed at Constant Power Input (CPI), so that at statistical equilibrium each flow (either uncontrolled or controlled by different means) has the same power input, hence the same global energy flux and, by definition, the same total energy dissipation rate. The simulations reveal that changes in mean and turbulent energy dissipation rates can be of either sign in a successfully controlled flow. A quantitative description of these changes is made possible by a new decomposition of the total dissipation, stemming from an extended Reynolds decomposition, where the mean velocity is split into a laminar component and a deviation from it. Thanks to the analytical expressions of the laminar quantities, exact relationships are derived that link the achieved flow rate increase and all energy fluxes in the flow system with two wall-normal integrals of the Reynolds shear stress and the Reynolds number. The dependence of the energy fluxes on the Reynolds number is elucidated with a simple model in which the control-dependent changes of the Reynolds shear stress are accounted for via a modification of the mean velocity profile. The physical meaning of the energy fluxes stemming from the new decomposition unveils their inter-relations and connection to flow control, so that a clear target for flow control can be identified.
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Cites work
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Cited in
(10)- Money versus time: evaluation of flow control in terms of energy consumption and convenience
- The role of turbulent dissipation for flow control of near-wall turbulence
- Structure function tensor equations in inhomogeneous turbulence
- Energy dynamics in a turbulent channel flow using the Karhunen-Loéve approach
- Energy balance in lubricated drag-reduced turbulent channel flow
- Global energy budgets in turbulent Couette and Poiseuille flows
- Paths of energy in turbulent channel flows
- Characterization of energy transfer and triadic interactions of coherent structures in turbulent wakes
- Coulomb-driven electroconvection turbulence in two-dimensional cavity
- A fundamental limit on energy savings in controlled channel flow, and how to beat it
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