Convexity of tableau sets for type A Demazure characters (key polynomials), parabolic Catalan numbers

zbMATH Open1401.05308arXiv1706.03094MaRDI QIDQ4560255FDOQ4560255

Authors: Robert A. Proctor, Matthew J. Willis 

Publication date: 10 December 2018

Abstract: This is the first of three papers that develop structures which are counted by a "parabolic" generalization of Catalan numbers. Fix a subset R of {1,..,n-1}. Consider the ordered partitions of {1,..,n} whose block sizes are determined by R. These are the "inverses" of (parabolic) multipermutations whose multiplicities are determined by R. The standard forms of the ordered partitions are refered to as "R-permutations". The notion of 312-avoidance is extended from permutations to R-permutations. Let lambda be a partition of N such that the set of column lengths in its shape is R or R union {n}. Fix an R-permutation pi. The type A Demazure character (key polynomial) in x_1, .., x_n that is indexed by lambda and pi can be described as the sum of the weight monomials for some of the semistandard Young tableau of shape lambda that are used to describe the Schur function indexed by lambda. Descriptions of these "Demazure" tableaux developed by the authors in earlier papers are used to prove that the set of these tableaux is convex in Z^N if and only if pi is R-312-avoiding if and only if the tableau set is the entire principal ideal generated by the key of pi. These papers were inspired by results of Reiner and Shimozono and by Postnikov and Stanley concerning coincidences between Demazure characters and flagged Schur functions. This convexity result is used in the next paper to deepen those results from the level of polynomials to the level of tableau sets. The R-parabolic Catalan number is defined to be the number of R-312-avoiding permutations. These special R-permutations are reformulated as "R-rightmost clump deleting" chains of subsets of {1,..,n} and as "gapless R-tuples"; the latter n-tuples arise in multiple contexts in these papers.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03094

Recommendations

• Parabolic Catalan numbers count flagged Schur functions and their appearances as type A Demazure characters (key polynomials)
• Semistandard tableaux for Demazure characters (key polynomials) and their atoms
• Relating the right key to the type A filling map and minimal defining chains
• An explicit construction of type A Demazure atoms
• A Demazure crystal construction for Schubert polynomials

zbMATH Keywords

Catalan numberkey polynomialDemazure characterpattern avoiding permutationconvex integral polytopesymmetric group parabolic quotient

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Permutations, words, matrices (05A05) Partitions of sets (05A18) Special polytopes (linear programming, centrally symmetric, etc.) (52B12) Combinatorial aspects of representation theory (05E10) Grassmannians, Schubert varieties, flag manifolds (14M15)

Cited In (3)

• Parabolic Catalan numbers count flagged Schur functions and their appearances as type A Demazure characters (key polynomials)
• Row bounds needed to justifiably express flagged Schur functions with Gessel-Viennot determinants
• Tamari lattices for parabolic quotients of the symmetric group

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