Contextuality in canonical systems of random variables

DOI10.1098/RSTA.2016.0389zbMATH Open1404.81024arXiv1703.01252OpenAlexW2592228844WikidataQ47663499 ScholiaQ47663499MaRDI QIDQ4560690FDOQ4560690

Authors: Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov, Víctor H. Cervantes, Janne V. Kujala 

Publication date: 12 December 2018

Published in: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Random variables representing measurements, broadly understood to include any responses to any inputs, form a system in which each of them is uniquely identified by its content (that which it measures) and its context (the conditions under which it is recorded). Two random variables are jointly distributed if and only if they share a context. In a canonical representation of a system, all random variables are binary, and every content-sharing pair of random variables has a unique maximal coupling (the joint distribution imposed on them so that they coincide with maximal possible probability). The system is contextual if these maximal couplings are incompatible with the joint distributions of the context-sharing random variables. We propose to represent any system of measurements in a canonical form and to consider the system contextual if and only if its canonical representation is contextual. As an illustration, we establish a criterion for contextuality of the canonical system consisting of all dichotomizations of a single pair of content-sharing categorical random variables.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.01252

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zbMATH Keywords

measurementscontextualitycanonical systemsdichotomizationdirect influences

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum measurement theory, state operations, state preparations (81P15) Axioms; other general questions in probability (60A05)

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Cited In (22)

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• On universality of classical probability with contextually labeled random variables
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• Replacing nothing with something special: contextuality-by-default and dummy measurements
• Proof of a conjecture on contextuality in cyclic systems with binary variables
• Sequential Measurements, Topological Quantum Field Theories, and Topological Quantum Neural Networks
• True contextuality in a psychophysical experiment
• Communication protocols and QECCs from the perspective of TQFT. I: Constructing LOCC protocols and QECCs from TQFTs
• The contextuality-by-default view of the sheaf-theoretic approach to contextuality
• Roots and (re)sources of value (in)definiteness \textit{versus} contextuality
• Separability, contextuality, and the quantum frame problem
• Contextuality Scenarios Arising from Networks of Stochastic Processes
• Context-content systems of random variables: the contextuality-by-default theory
• On Hysteresis of Value Assignments to Observables during Changes of Context
• The Physical Meaning of the Holographic Principle
• Quantum like modeling of decision making: quantifying uncertainty with the aid of Heisenberg-Robertson inequality
• Varieties of contextuality based on probability and structural nonembeddability
• A quantum-probabilistic paradigm: non-consequential reasoning and state dependence in investment choice
• Quantum violation of the suppes-zanotti inequalities and ``contextuality
• Measures of contextuality and non-contextuality
• On joint distributions, counterfactual values and hidden variables in understanding contextuality
• Contextuality and dichotomizations of random variables

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