Two new kinds of numbers and related divisibility results

Authors

Publication date 17 December 2018

Abstract: We mainly introduce two new kinds of numbers given by

R_n=sum_{k=0}^n�inom nk�inom{n+k}kfrac1{2k-1}quad (n=0,1,2,...)

and

S_n=sum_{k=0}^n�inom nk^2�inom{2k}k(2k+1)quad (n=0,1,2,...).

We find that such numbers have many interesting arithmetic properties. For example, if

p e q u i v 1 p m o d 4

is a prime with

p = x^{2} + y^{2}

(where

x e q u i v 1 p m o d 4

and

y e q u i v 0 p m o d 2

), then

R_{(p-1)/2}equiv p-(-1)^{(p-1)/4}2xpmod{p^2}.

Also,

frac1{n^2}sum_{k=0}^{n-1}S_kinmathbb Z {and} frac1nsum_{k=0}^{n-1}S_k(x)inmathbb Z[x]quad ext{for all} n=1,2,3,...,

where

. For any positive integers

a

and

n

, we show that, somewhat surprisingly,

frac1{n^2}sum_{k=0}^{n-1}(2k+1)�inom{n-1}k^a�inom{-n-1}k^ainmathbb Z {and} frac 1nsum_{k=0}^{n-1}frac{�inom{n-1}k^a�inom{-n-1}k^a}{4k^2-1}inmathbb Z.

We also solve a conjecture of V.J.W. Guo and J. Zeng, and pose several conjectures for further research.

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