Classically integral quadratic forms excepting at most two values

DOI10.1090/PROC/13891zbMATH Open1404.11038arXiv1608.01656OpenAlexW2964158559WikidataQ129772284 ScholiaQ129772284MaRDI QIDQ4577142FDOQ4577142

Author name not available (Why is that?)

Publication date: 17 July 2018

Published in: Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Let $SsubseteqmathbbN$ be finite. Is there a positive definite quadratic form that fails to represent only those elements in $S$? For $S=emptyset$, this was solved (for classically integral forms) by the $15$-Theorem of Conway-Schneeberger in the early 1990s and (for all integral forms) by the $290$-Theorem of Bhargava-Hanke in the mid-2000s. In 1938 Halmos attempted to list all weighted sums of four squares that failed to represent $S=m$; of his $88$ candidates, he could provide complete justifications for all but one. In the same spirit, we ask, "for which $S=m,n$ does there exist a quadratic form excepting only the elements of $S$?" Extending the techniques of Bhargava and Hanke, we answer this question for quaternary forms. In the process, we prove what Halmos could not; namely, that $x^2+2y^2+7z^2+13w^2$ represents all positive integers except $5$. We develop new strategies to handle forms of higher dimensions, yielding an enumeration of and proofs for the $73$ possible pairs that a classically integral positive definite quadratic form may except.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.01656

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zbMATH Keywords

positive definite integral quadratic formsquaternary quadratic formsrepresented integerscritical integers

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quadratic forms over global rings and fields (11E12) General ternary and quaternary quadratic forms; forms of more than two variables (11E20) Analytic theory (Epstein zeta functions; relations with automorphic forms and functions) (11E45) Sums of squares and representations by other particular quadratic forms (11E25)

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Cited In (8)

• Integers represented by positive-definite quadratic forms and Petersson inner products
• Determination of all classes of positive quaternary quadratic forms which represent all (positive) integers
• Quadratic forms representing all integers coprime to 3
• PRIME-UNIVERSAL QUADRATIC FORMS AND
• Everything You Wanted To Know About ax²+by²+cz²+dt² But Were Afraid To Ask
• Euclidean quadratic forms and ADC forms II: integral forms
• Quadratic Forms Representing All Odd Positive Integers
• Quadratic forms representing large integers only

Uses Software

• Magma
• SageMath

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