A spectral study of the second-order exceptional X₁-Jacobi differential expression and a related non-classical Jacobi differential expression

DOI10.1016/J.JMAA.2014.08.016MaRDI QIDQ458316zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Constanze Liaw, Lance L. Littlejohn, Jessica Stewart, Quinn Wicks

Publication date 7 October 2014

Published in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1404.1882

zbMATH Keywords

spectral theoryorthogonal polynomials\(X_{1}\)-Jacobi polynomialsGlazman-Krein-Naimark theoryleft-definite theory

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Linear ordinary differential equations and systems (34A30)

Abstract: The exceptional $X_1$-Jacobi differential expression is a second-order ordinary differential expression with rational coefficients; it was discovered by G'{o}mez-Ullate, Kamran and Milson in 2009. In their work, they showed that there is a sequence of polynomial eigenfunctions $$ called the exceptional $X_1$-Jacobi polynomials. There is no exceptional $X_1$-Jacobi polynomial of degree zero. These polynomials form a complete orthogonal set in the weighted Hilbert space $$ where $$ is a positive rational weight function related to the classical Jacobi weight. Among other conditions placed on the parameters $alpha$ and $$ it is required that $$ In this paper, we develop the spectral theory of this expression in $$. We also consider the spectral analysis of the `extreme' non-exceptional case, namely when $alpha=0$. In this case, the polynomial solutions are the non-classical Jacobi polynomials $$ We study the corresponding Jacobi differential expression in several Hilbert spaces, including their natural $L^2$ setting and a certain Sobolev space $S$ where the full sequence $$ is studied and a careful spectral analysis of the Jacobi expression is carried out.

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Cited in

(8)

• The spectrum of self-adjoint extensions associated with exceptional Laguerre differential expressions
• The exceptional Bessel polynomials
• General solution of the exceptional Hermite differential equation and its minimal surface representation
• Moment representations of exceptional \(X_{1}\) orthogonal polynomials
• Spectral analysis for the exceptional \(X_m\)-Jacobi equation
• Exceptional Jacobi polynomials
• A Bochner type characterization theorem for exceptional orthogonal polynomials
• Singular left-definite Hamiltonian systems in the Sobolev space

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