On fewnomials, integral points, and a toric version of Bertini’s theorem

DOI10.1090/JAMS/878MaRDI QIDQ4588342zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Clemens Fuchs, V. Mantova, Umberto Zannier

Publication date 2 November 2017

Published in Journal of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.4548

zbMATH Keywords

Bertini theorempolynomials with few termsRényi-Erdős conjecture

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Polynomials in number theory (11C08) Rational points (14G05) Polynomials in general fields (irreducibility, etc.) (12E05) Surfaces and higher-dimensional varieties (14J99) Nonstandard arithmetic (number-theoretic aspects) (11U10)

Abstract: An old conjecture of ErdH{o}s and R'enyi, proved by Schinzel, predicted a bound for the number of terms of a polynomial $g(x)inmathbbC[x]$ when its square $g(x{)}^2$ has a given number of terms. Further conjectures and results arose, but some fundamental questions remained open. In this paper, with methods which appear to be new, we achieve a final result in this direction for completely general algebraic equations $f(x,g(x))=0$, where $f(x,y)$ is monic of arbitrary degree in $y$, and has boundedly many terms in $x$: we prove that the number of terms of such a $g(x)$ is necessarily bounded. This includes the previous results as extremely special cases. We shall interpret polynomials with boundedly many terms as the restrictions to 1-parameter subgroups or cosets of regular functions of bounded degree on a given torus $mathbb{G}_{mathrmm}^l$. Such a viewpoint shall lead to some best-possible corollaries in the context of finite covers of $mathbb{G}_{mathrmm}^l$, concerning the structure of their integral points over function fields (in the spirit of conjectures of Vojta) and a Bertini-type irreducibility theorem above algebraic multiplicative cosets. A further natural reading occurs in non-standard arithmetic, where our result translates into an algebraic and integral-closedness statement inside the ring of non-standard polynomials.

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Cited in

(15)

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• Sharp bounds for the number of roots of univariate fewnomials
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1036220 (Why is no real title available?)
• Factorization of bivariate sparse polynomials
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• Polar varieties, Bertini's theorems and number of points of singular complete intersections over a finite field
• Integral zeros of a polynomial with linear recurrences as coefficients
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• On the number of terms of a power of a polynomial
• Diophantine equations in separated variables and lacunary polynomials

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