On two problems of Carlitz and their generalizations

Publication date 20 November 2017

Abstract: Let

N_{q}

be the number of solutions to the equation

(a_1^{}x_1^{m_1}+dots+a_n^{}x_n^{m_n})^k=bx_1^{k_1}cdots x_n^{k_n}

over the finite field

m a t h b b F_{q} = m a t h b b F_{p^{s}}

. Carlitz found formulas for~

N_{q}

when

k_{1} = d o t s = k_{n} = m_{1} = d o t s = m_{n} = 1

,

k = 2

,

n = 3

or

4

,

p > 2

; and when

m_{1} = d o t s = m_{n} = 2

,

k = k_{1} = d o t s = k_{n} = 1

,

n = 3

or

4

,

p > 2

. In earlier papers, we studied the above equation with

k_{1} = d o t s = k_{n} = 1

and obtained some generalizations of Carlitz's results. Recently, Pan, Zhao and Cao considered the case of arbitrary positive integers

k_{1}, d o t s, k_{n}

and proved the formula

N_{q} = q^{n - 1} + (- 1)^{n - 1}

, provided that

g c d (s u m_{j = 1}^{n} (k_{j} m_{1} c d o t s m_{n} / m_{j}) - k m_{1} c d o t s m_{n}, q - 1) = 1

. In this chapter, we determine

N_{q}

explicitly in some other cases.

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