Sublinear Distance Labeling

DOI10.4230/LIPICS.ESA.2016.5zbMATH Open1397.68128arXiv1507.02618OpenAlexW2963393443MaRDI QIDQ4606270FDOQ4606270

Authors: Stephen Alstrup, Søren Dahlgaard, Mathias Bæk Tejs Knudsen, Ely Porat 

Publication date: 2 March 2018

Abstract: A distance labeling scheme labels the $n$ nodes of a graph with binary strings such that, given the labels of any two nodes, one can determine the distance in the graph between the two nodes by looking only at the labels. A $D$-preserving distance labeling scheme only returns precise distances between pairs of nodes that are at distance at least $D$ from each other. In this paper we consider distance labeling schemes for the classical case of unweighted graphs with both directed and undirected edges. We present a $O(fracnDlo{g}^{2}D)$ bit $D$-preserving distance labeling scheme, improving the previous bound by Bollob'as et. al. [SIAM J. Discrete Math. 2005]. We also give an almost matching lower bound of $Omega(fracnD)$. With our $D$-preserving distance labeling scheme as a building block, we additionally achieve the following results: 1. We present the first distance labeling scheme of size $o(n)$ for sparse graphs (and hence bounded degree graphs). This addresses an open problem by Gavoille et. al. [J. Algo. 2004], hereby separating the complexity from distance labeling in general graphs which require $Omega(n)$ bits, Moon [Proc. of Glasgow Math. Association 1965]. 2. For approximate $r$-additive labeling schemes, that return distances within an additive error of $r$ we show a scheme of size $Oleft(fracnrcdotfracoperatornamepolylog(rlogn)lognight)$ for $rge2$. This improves on the current best bound of $Oleft(fracnright)$ by Alstrup et. al. [SODA 2016] for sub-polynomial $r$, and is a generalization of a result by Gawrychowski et al. [arXiv preprint 2015] who showed this for $r=2$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1507.02618

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zbMATH Keywords

graph theorysparse graphsdistance labelinggraph labeling schemes

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Analysis of algorithms and problem complexity (68Q25) Graph theory (including graph drawing) in computer science (68R10) Data structures (68P05) Distance in graphs (05C12) Graph labelling (graceful graphs, bandwidth, etc.) (05C78)

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