A tale of two velocities: threading versus slicing

DOI10.1142/S0219887818500470zbMATH Open1386.83024arXiv1510.02359MaRDI QIDQ4609873FDOQ4609873

M. Nouri-Zonoz, Alireza Tavanfar, Razieh Gharechahi

Publication date: 26 March 2018

Published in: International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Two principal definitions of a 3-velocity assigned to a test particle following timelike trajectories in stationary spacetimes are introduced and analyzed systematically. These definitions are based on the $1+3$ (threading) and $3+1$ (slicing) spacetime decomposition formalisms and defined relative to two different sets of observers. After showing that Synge's definition of spatial distance and 3-velocity are equivalent to those defined in the $1+3$ (threading) formalism, we exemplify differences between the two definitions, by calculating them for particles in circular orbits in axially symmetric stationary spacetimes. Illustrating its geometric nature, the relative linear velocity between the corresponding observers is obtained in terms of the spacetime metric components. Circular particle orbits in the Kerr spacetime, as the prototype and the most well known of stationary spacetimes, are examined with respect to these definitions to highlight their observer-dependent nature. We also examine the Kerr-NUT spacetime in which the NUT parameter contributing to the off-diagonal terms in the metric is mainly interpreted not as a rotation parameter but as a gravitomagnetic monopole charge. Finally, in a specific astrophysical setup which includes rotating black holes, it is shown how these local definitions are related to the velocity measurements made by distant observers using spectral line shifts.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1510.02359

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zbMATH Keywords

Kerr spacetimestationary spacetimes3-velocityKerr-NUT spacetimespacetime decomposition formalisms

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Equations of motion in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C10) Black holes (83C57) Relativistic cosmology (83F05) Astrophysical cosmology (85A40) Relativistic dynamics for problems in Hamiltonian and Lagrangian mechanics (70H40) Orbital mechanics (70M20) Observational and experimental questions in relativity and gravitational theory (83B05)

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Cited In (4)

• Circular orbits in Kerr-Taub-NUT spacetime and their implications for accreting black holes and naked singularities
• Bespoke analogue space-times: meta-material mimics
• Some characterizations of Lorentzian manifolds
• A comparative study on the gravitational analog of the spacetime index of refraction

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