Sesqui-arrays, a generalisation of triple arrays

Authors R. A. Bailey, Peter J. Cameron, Tomas Nilson

Publication date 30 January 2019

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.02930, http://ajc.maths.uq.edu.au/pdf/71/ajc_v71_p427.pdf

Abstract: A triple array is a rectangular array containing letters, each letter occurring equally often with no repeats in rows or columns, such that the number of letters common to two rows, two columns, or a row and a column are (possibly different) non-zero constants. Deleting the condition on the letters common to a row and a column gives a double array. We propose the term emph{sesqui-array} for such an array when only the condition on pairs of columns is deleted. Thus all triple arrays are sesqui-arrays. In this paper we give three constructions for sesqui-arrays. The first gives

(n + 1) i m e s n^{2}

arrays on

n (n + 1)

letters for

n g e q 2

. (Such an array for

n = 2

was found by Bagchi.) This construction uses Latin squares. The second uses the emph{Sylvester graph}, a subgraph of the Hoffman--Singleton graph, to build a good block design for

36

treatments in

42

blocks of size~

6

, and then uses this in a

7 i m e s 36

sesqui-array for

42

letters. We also give a construction for

K i m e s (K - 1) (K - 2) / 2

sesqui-arrays on

K (K - 1) / 2

letters. This construction uses biplanes. It starts with a block of a biplane and produces an array which satisfies the requirements for a sesqui-array except possibly that of having no repeated letters in a row or column. We show that this condition holds if and only if the emph{Hussain chains} for the selected block contain no

4

-cycles. A sufficient condition for the construction to give a triple array is that each Hussain chain is a union of

3

-cycles; but this condition is not necessary, and we give a few further examples. We also discuss the question of which of these arrays provide good designs for experiments.

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