Sesqui-arrays, a generalisation of triple arrays

zbMATH Open1404.05014arXiv1706.02930MaRDI QIDQ4614036FDOQ4614036

Authors: R. A. Bailey, Peter J. Cameron, Tomas Nilson 

Publication date: 30 January 2019

Abstract: A triple array is a rectangular array containing letters, each letter occurring equally often with no repeats in rows or columns, such that the number of letters common to two rows, two columns, or a row and a column are (possibly different) non-zero constants. Deleting the condition on the letters common to a row and a column gives a double array. We propose the term emph{sesqui-array} for such an array when only the condition on pairs of columns is deleted. Thus all triple arrays are sesqui-arrays. In this paper we give three constructions for sesqui-arrays. The first gives $(n+1)imes{n}^2$ arrays on $n(n+1)$ letters for $ngeq2$. (Such an array for $n=2$ was found by Bagchi.) This construction uses Latin squares. The second uses the emph{Sylvester graph}, a subgraph of the Hoffman--Singleton graph, to build a good block design for $36$ treatments in $42$ blocks of size~$6$, and then uses this in a $7imes36$ sesqui-array for $42$ letters. We also give a construction for $Kimes(K-1)(K-2)/2$ sesqui-arrays on $K(K-1)/2$ letters. This construction uses biplanes. It starts with a block of a biplane and produces an array which satisfies the requirements for a sesqui-array except possibly that of having no repeated letters in a row or column. We show that this condition holds if and only if the emph{Hussain chains} for the selected block contain no $4$-cycles. A sufficient condition for the construction to give a triple array is that each Hussain chain is a union of $3$-cycles; but this condition is not necessary, and we give a few further examples. We also discuss the question of which of these arrays provide good designs for experiments.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.02930

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zbMATH Keywords

Sylvester graphsesqui-array

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Triple systems (05B07)

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