Small representations, string instantons, and Fourier modes of Eisenstein series
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automorphic formsBPS statescharge latticecoadjoint nilpotent orbitsEisenstein seriesFourier expansionsscattering amplitudessmall representationsstring theoryunipotent representations
Representation-theoretic methods; automorphic representations over local and global fields (11F70) Selberg zeta functions and regularized determinants; applications to spectral theory, Dirichlet series, Eisenstein series, etc. (explicit formulas) (11M36) Coadjoint orbits; nilpotent varieties (17B08) Semisimple Lie groups and their representations (22E46) String and superstring theories; other extended objects (e.g., branes) in quantum field theory (81T30)
Abstract: This paper concerns some novel features of maximal parabolic Eisenstein series at certain special values of their analytic parameter s. These series arise as coefficients in the R4 and D4R4 interactions in the low energy expansion of scattering amplitudes in maximally supersymmetric string theory reduced to D=10-d dimensions on a torus T^d, d<8. For each d these amplitudes are automorphic functions on the rank d+1 symmetry group E_d+1. Of particular significance is the orbit content of the Fourier modes of these series when expanded in three different parabolic subgroups, corresponding to certain limits of string theory. This is of interest in the classification of a variety of instantons that correspond to minimal or next-to-minimal BPS orbits. In the limit of decompactification from D to D+1 dimensions many such instantons are related to charged 1/2-BPS or 1/4-BPS black holes with euclidean world-lines wrapped around the large dimension. In a different limit the instantons give nonperturbative corrections to string perturbation theory, while in a third limit they describe nonperturbative contributions in eleven-dimensional supergravity. A proof is given that these three distinct Fourier expansions have certain vanishing coefficients that are expected from string theory. In particular, the Eisenstein series for these special values of s have markedly fewer Fourier coefficients than typical ones. The corresponding mathematics involves showing that the wavefront sets of the Eisenstein series are supported on only certain coadjoint nilpotent orbits - just the minimal and trivial orbits in the 1/2-BPS case, and just the next-to-minimal, minimal and trivial orbits in the 1/4-BPS case. Thus as a byproduct we demonstrate that the next-to-minimal representations occur automorphically for E6, E7, and E8, and hence the first two nontrivial low energy coefficients are exotic theta-functions.
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Cited in
(37)- Analogs of Fourier series for a relativistic string model with massive ends
- Loops in exceptional field theory
- Branes and the Kraft-Procesi transition: classical case
- D^6 R^4 curvature corrections, modular graph functions and Poincaré series
- Exact \(\nabla^{4}\mathcal{R}^{4}\) couplings and helicity supertraces
- Tetrahedral modular graph functions
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- \(\epsilon\nabla^{4}R^{4}\) type invariants and their gradient expansion
- Fourier coefficients attached to small automorphic representations of \(\operatorname{SL}_n(\mathbb{A})\)
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- Normalization of type IIB D-instanton amplitudes
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