Contents of partitions and the combinatorics of permutation factorizations in genus 0

DOI10.1090/TRAN/7143MaRDI QIDQ4635488zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors S. R. Carrell, I. P. Goulden

Publication date 23 April 2018

Published in Transactions of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.02518

zbMATH Keywords

generating functionssymmetric functionsJucys-Murphy elementscontents of partitionstransitive permutation factorizations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Permutations, words, matrices (05A05) Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Symmetric functions and generalizations (05E05) Combinatorial aspects of partitions of integers (05A17) Coverings in algebraic geometry (14E20)

Abstract: The central object of study is a formal power series that we call the content series, a symmetric function involving an arbitrary underlying formal power series $f$ in the contents of the cells in a partition. In previous work we have shown that the content series satisfies the KP equations. The main result of this paper is a new partial differential equation for which the content series is the unique solution, subject to a simple initial condition. This equation is expressed in terms of families of operators that we call $mathcalU$ and $mathcalD$ operators, whose action on the Schur symmetric function $s_{lambda}$ can be simply expressed in terms of powers of the contents of the cells in $lambda$. Among our results, we construct the $mathcalU$ and $mathcalD$ operators explicitly as partial differential operators in the underlying power sum symmetric functions. We also give a combinatorial interpretation for the content series in terms of the Jucys-Murphy elements in the group algebra of the symmetric group. This leads to an interpretation for the content series as a generating series for branched covers of the sphere by a Riemann surface of arbitrary genus $g$. As particular cases, by suitable choice of the underlying series $f$, the content series specializes to the generating series for three known classes of branched covers: Hurwitz numbers, monotone Hurwitz numbers, and $m$-hypermap numbers. We apply our pde to give new proofs of the explicit formulas for these three classes of number in genus $0$. In the case of the $m$-hypermap numbers of Bousquet-M'elou and Schaeffer, this is the first algebraic proof of this result.

Recommendations

• The KP hierarchy, branched covers, and triangulations
• Enumeration of Grothendieck's dessins and KP hierarchy
• A simple recurrence for covers of the sphere with branch points of arbitrary ramification
• Monotone Hurwitz numbers in genus zero
• Polynomiality of monotone Hurwitz numbers in higher genera

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Cited in

(2)

• Combinatorics of Bousquet-Mélou-Schaeffer numbers in the light of topological recursion
• Cut-and-join equation for monotone Hurwitz numbers revisited

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