A diagrammatic axiomatisation for qubit entanglement

DOI10.1109/LICS.2015.59MaRDI QIDQ4635837zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 23 April 2018

Published in 2015 30th Annual ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1501.07082

Foundations, relations to logic and deductive systems (18A15) Quantum coherence, entanglement, quantum correlations (81P40)

Abstract: Diagrammatic techniques for reasoning about monoidal categories provide an intuitive understanding of the symmetries and connections of interacting computational processes. In the context of categorical quantum mechanics, Coecke and Kissinger suggested that two 3-qubit states, GHZ and W, may be used as the building blocks of a new graphical calculus, aimed at a diagrammatic classification of multipartite qubit entanglement that would highlight the communicational properties of quantum states, and their potential uses in cryptographic schemes. In this paper, we present a full graphical axiomatisation of the relations between GHZ and W: the ZW calculus. This refines a version of the preexisting ZX calculus, while keeping its most desirable characteristics: undirectedness, a large degree of symmetry, and an algebraic underpinning. We prove that the ZW calculus is complete for the category of free abelian groups on a power of two generators - "qubits with integer coefficients" - and provide an explicit normalisation procedure.

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