Minimal periods of solutions to higher-order functional differential equations

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Abstract: We show that a problem on minimal periods of solutions of Lipschitz functional differential equations is closely related to the unique solvability of the periodic problem for linear functional differential equations. Sharp bounds for minimal periods of non-constant solutions of higher order functional differential equations with different Lipschitz nonlinearities are obtained.


Consider the periodic boundary value problem \[ \begin{aligned} x^{(n)}(t) &= (Fx)(t),\quad t\in [0,T],\\ x^{(i)}(0) &= x^{(i)}(T)\quad\text{for }i= 0,\dots, n-1,\end{aligned}\tag{\(*\)} \] where \(x(t)\in \mathbb{R}^m\). Concerning \(F\) the following condition is assumed: \[ \begin{multlined}\max_{1\leq i\leq m}\,\Biggl(\mathop{\text{vrai sup}}\limits_{t\in[0,T]}\,(Fx)_i(t)-\mathop{\text{vrai inf}}\limits_{t\in [0,T]}\, (Fx)_i(t)\Biggr)\leq\\ L\max_{1\leq i\leq m}\,\Biggl(\max_{t\in [0,T]}\, x_i(t)-\min_{t\in [0,T]}\,x_i(t)\Biggr),\end{multlined} \] where \(L\) is some positive constant. The author proves that if \((*)\) has a non-constant solution, then it holds \[ T\geq{1\over (LK_n)^{1/n}}, \] where the constants \(K_n\) are connected with the Favard constants and satisfy \[ \lim_{n\to\infty}\, K^{1/n}_n= {1\over 2\pi}. \]



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