Algebraic solutions of differential equations over P^1 - \0, 1, \

Abstract: The Grothendieck--Katz

p

-curvature conjecture predicts that an arithmetic differential equation whose reduction modulo

p

has vanishing

p

-curvatures for {em almost all}

p,

has finite monodromy. It is known that it suffices to prove the conjecture for differential equations on

m a t h b b P^{1} - 0, 1, i n f t y .

We prove a variant of this conjecture for

m a t h b b P^{1} - 0, 1, i n f t y,

which asserts that if the equation satisfies a certain convergence condition for {em all}

p,

then its monodromy is trivial. For those

p

for which the

p

-curvature makes sense, its vanishing implies our condition. We deduce from this a description of the differential Galois group of the equation in terms of

p

-curvatures and certain local monodromy groups. We also prove similar variants of the

p

-curvature conjecture for the elliptic curve with

j

-invariant

1728

minus its identity and for

m a t h b b P^{1} - p m 1, p m i, i n f t y

.

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