Selection of quasi-stationary states in the Navier-Stokes equation on the torus

DOI10.1088/1361-6544/AAE936zbMATH Open1406.35219arXiv1701.04850OpenAlexW3104381083WikidataQ128778754 ScholiaQ128778754MaRDI QIDQ4644685FDOQ4644685

Authors: Margaret Beck, Eric Cooper, Konstantinos Spiliopoulos 

Publication date: 8 January 2019

Published in: Nonlinearity (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The two dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equation on $D_{d}elta:=[0,2pidelta]imes[0,2pi]$ with $deltaapprox1$, periodic boundary conditions, and viscosity $0<ull1$ is considered. Bars and dipoles, two explicitly given quasi-stationary states of the system, evolve on the time scale $mathcalO(e^{-ut})$ and have been shown to play a key role in its long-time evolution. Of particular interest is the role that $delta$ plays in selecting which of these two states is observed. Recent numerical studies suggest that, after a transient period of rapid decay of the high Fourier modes, the bar state will be selected if $deltaeq1$, while the dipole will be selected if $delta=1$. Our results support this claim and seek to mathematically formalize it. We consider the system in Fourier space, project it onto a center manifold consisting of the lowest eight Fourier modes, and use this as a model to study the selection of bars and dipoles. It is shown for this ODE model that the value of $delta$ controls the behavior of the asymptotic ratio of the low modes, thus determining the likelihood of observing a bar state or dipole after an initial transient period. Moreover, in our model, for all $deltaapprox1$, there is an initial time period in which the high modes decay at the rapid rate $mathcalO(e^{-t/u})$, while the low modes evolve at the slower $mathcalO(e^{-ut})$ rate. The results for the ODE model are proven using energy estimates and invariant manifolds and further supported by formal asymptotic expansions and numerics.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.04850

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zbMATH Keywords

dynamical systemsNavier-Stokesdipolefluid dynamicsbar states

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Navier-Stokes equations (35Q30) Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible viscous fluids (76D05) Inertial manifolds and other invariant attracting sets of infinite-dimensional dissipative dynamical systems (37L25)

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Cited In (3)

• Viscous selection of an elliptical dipole
• Stationary structures near the Kolmogorov and Poiseuille flows in the 2d Euler equations
• Selection of quasi-stationary states in the stochastically forced Navier-Stokes equation on the torus

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