Fixed-energy harmonic functions

DOI10.19086/DA.2730MaRDI QIDQ4645023zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Aaron Abrams, Richard Kenyon

Publication date 9 January 2019

Published in Discrete Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1505.05785

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Planar graphs; geometric and topological aspects of graph theory (05C10) Signed and weighted graphs (05C22) Tilings in (2) dimensions (aspects of discrete geometry) (52C20)

Abstract: We study the map from conductances to edge energies for harmonic functions on finite graphs with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We prove that for any compatible acyclic orientation and choice of energies there is a unique choice of conductances such that the associated harmonic function realizes those orientations and energies. We call the associated function enharmonic. For rational energies and boundary data the Galois group of ${mathbbQ}^{tr}$ (the totally real algebraic numbers) over $mathbbQ$ permutes the enharmonic functions, acting on the set of compatible acyclic orientations. A consequence is the non-tileability of certain polygons by rational-area rectangles. For planar graphs there is an enharmonic conjugate function, together these form the real and imaginary parts of a "fixed energy" analytic function. In the planar scaling limit for ${mathbbZ}^2$ (and the fixed south/west orientation), these functions satisfy a nonlinear analog of the Cauchy-Riemann equations, namely �egin{eqnarray*}u_xv_y &=& 1\u_yv_x&=&-1.end{eqnarray*} We give an analog of the Riemann mapping theorem for these functions, as well as a variational approach to finding solutions in both the discrete and continuous settings.

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Cites work

• Bipolar orientations revisited
• Cauchy problem for ultrasound-modulated EIT
• Circular planar graphs and resistor networks
• Exploiting air-pressure to map floorplans on point sets
• Floorplans, planar graphs, and layouts
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3229944 (Why is no real title available?)
• On rectangular cartograms

Cited in

(6)

• Holomorphic quadratic differentials on graphs and the chromatic polynomial
• Gradient variational problems in \(\mathbb{R}^2\)
• Electrical networks and hyperplane arrangements
• Bipolar orientations on planar maps and \(\mathrm{SLE}_{12}\)
• Families of convex tilings
• A mating-of-trees approach for graph distances in random planar maps

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