Revealing nonclassicality beyond Gaussian states via a single marginal distribution

DOI10.1073/PNAS.1617621114zbMATH Open1404.81069arXiv1702.01387OpenAlexW2574338190WikidataQ37626246 ScholiaQ37626246MaRDI QIDQ4646133FDOQ4646133

Authors: Ji-Yong Park, Yao Lu, Jae Hak Lee, Yangchao Shen, Kuan Zhang, Shuaining Zhang, M. Suhail Zubairy, Ki-Hwan Kim, Hyunchul Nha 

Publication date: 11 January 2019

Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: A standard method to obtain information on a quantum state is to measure marginal distributions along many different axes in phase space, which forms a basis of quantum state tomography. We theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a general framework to manifest nonclassicality by observing a single marginal distribution only, which provides a novel insight into nonclassicality and a practical applicability to various quantum systems. Our approach maps the 1-dim marginal distribution into a factorized 2-dim distribution by multiplying the measured distribution or the vacuum-state distribution along an orthogonal axis. The resulting fictitious Wigner function becomes unphysical only for a nonclassical state, thus the negativity of the corresponding density operator provides an evidence of nonclassicality. Furthermore, the negativity measured this way yields a lower bound for entanglement potential---a measure of entanglement generated using a nonclassical state with a beam splitter setting that is a prototypical model to produce continuous-variable (CV) entangled states. Our approach detects both Gaussian and non-Gaussian nonclassical states in a reliable and efficient manner. Remarkably, it works regardless of measurement axis for all non-Gaussian states in finite-dimensional Fock space of any size, also extending to infinite-dimensional states of experimental relevance for CV quantum informatics. We experimentally illustrate the power of our criterion for motional states of a trapped ion confirming their nonclassicality in a measurement-axis independent manner. We also address an extension of our approach combined with phase-shift operations, which leads to a stronger test of nonclassicality, i.e. detection of genuine non-Gaussianity under a CV measurement.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.01387

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Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Characteristic functions; other transforms (60E10) Quantum state estimation, approximate cloning (81P50)

Cited In (4)

• Quantumness of bosonic field states
• Classical versions of \(q\)-Gaussian processes: Conditional moments and Bell's inequality
• Nonclassicality and entanglement properties of non-Gaussian entangled states via a superposition of number-conserving operations
• Detecting nonclassicality of light via Lieb's concavity

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