Asymmetric percolation drives a double transition in sexual contact networks

DOI10.1073/PNAS.1703073114MaRDI QIDQ4646196zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Antoine Allard, Benjamin M. Althouse, Samuel V. Scarpino, Laurent Hébert-Dufresne

Publication date 11 January 2019

Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.06224

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Epidemiology (92D30) Interacting random processes; statistical mechanics type models; percolation theory (60K35) Social networks; opinion dynamics (91D30)

Abstract: Zika virus (ZIKV) exhibits unique transmission dynamics in that it is concurrently spread by a mosquito vector and through sexual contact. We show that this sexual component of ZIKV transmission induces novel processes on networks through the highly asymmetric durations of infectiousness between males and females -- it is estimated that males are infectious for periods up to ten times longer than females -- leading to an asymmetric percolation process on the network of sexual contacts. We exactly solve the properties of this asymmetric percolation on random sexual contact networks and show that this process exhibits two epidemic transitions corresponding to a core-periphery structure. This structure is not present in the underlying contact networks, which are not distinguishable from random networks, and emerges because of the asymmetric percolation. We provide an exact analytical description of this double transition and discuss the implications of our results in the context of ZIKV epidemics. Most importantly, our study suggests a bias in our current ZIKV surveillance as the community most at risk is also one of the least likely to get tested.

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• Human sexual contact network as a bipartite graph
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• The impact of contact patterns of sexual networks on Zika virus spread: a case study in Costa Rica

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