Abel averages and holomorphically pseudo-contractive maps in Banach spaces

DOI10.1016/J.JMAA.2014.10.079MaRDI QIDQ472365zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Filippo Bracci, Yuri Kozitsky, David Shoikhet

Publication date 19 November 2014

Published in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1311.6698

Abel averages fixed points holomorphic maps in Banach spaces unbounded operators

General groups of measure-preserving transformations and dynamical systems (37A15) Means on groups, semigroups, etc.; amenable groups (43A07) Ergodic theory of linear operators (47A35) Linear symmetric and selfadjoint operators (unbounded) (47B25) Nonlinear accretive operators, dissipative operators, etc. (47H06)

Abstract: A class of maps in a complex Banach space is studied, which includes both unbounded linear operators and nonlinear holomorphic maps. The defining property, which we call {sl pseudo-contractivity}, is introduced by means of the Abel averages of such maps. We show that the studied maps are dissipative in the spirit of the classical Lumer-Phillips theorem. For pseudo-contractive holomorphic maps, we establish the power convergence of the Abel averages to holomorphic retractions.

Review text

The Abel average \(A_{\alpha} =(1-\alpha) \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \alpha^n T^n, \;\alpha \in (0,1)\), of a bounded linear operator is well studied in the literature. Among others, \textit{M. Lin} proved uniform ergodic theorems for such averages [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 43, 337--340 (1974; Zbl 0252.47004); ibid. 46, 217--225 (1974; Zbl 0291.47006)]. In the present article, the authors study the convergence of Abel averages for unbounded linear operators and nonlinear holomorphic maps. Let \(B\) be the unit ball of a complex Banach space \(X\) and \(D\subset B\) be a dense subset. For a map \(h:D \to X\), define its Abel average by \[ \Phi_{\alpha} =(I-\alpha h)^{-1} \circ [(1-\alpha \omega )I],\;\Phi_0=I, \] where \(\omega \in \mathbb{R},\;\alpha \omega \neq 1. \) Such a map \(h\) is called \textit{\(\omega\)-dissipative} if, for some \(\varepsilon >0 \) and \(\eta \in \mathbb{R}\), and for each \(x\in D \) such that \(1-\varepsilon < \| x \| < 1\) and all \(x^* \in X^*\) with \( \| x \|^2=\langle x,x^*\rangle=\| x^* \|^2\), the inequality \( \text{Re}\langle h( x),x^*\rangle \leq \omega \| x \|^2 +\eta (1-\| x \|^2) \) holds. Also, such a map \(h\) called \textit{\(\omega\)-pseudo-contractive} if there exists \(\delta >0 \) such that for each \(\alpha \in (0,1)\), the Abel average \(\Phi_{\alpha} \) is in \(\mathrm{Hol}(B,D). \) In addition to extending the notions of Abel averages, dissipativity and contractivity into a more general setting (of holomorphic functions), the authors prove that, among others, for \(h\in \mathrm{Hol}(B,X) \) and \(\omega \in \mathbb{R}\), the following statements are equivalent: (i) \(h\) is \(\omega\)-dissipative, (ii) \(\sup_{x\in B_r} \| h(x) \| <\infty \) and \(h\) is \(\omega\)-pseudo-contractive, (iii) \(\sup_{x\in B_r} \| h(x) \| <\infty \) and \(\Phi_{\alpha} \in \mathrm{Hol}(B,B) \), for each \(\omega \in Q_{\omega}\), where \( Q_{\omega}=[0, 1/\omega ),\) if \(\omega >0, \;Q_{0}=[0, \infty)\) and \(Q_{\omega}= (-\infty, 1/\omega )\cup [0, \infty),\) if \(\omega <0 . \) In the case that \(X\) is a weakly sequentially complete Banach space, it follows that \(h\) is \(\omega\)-dissipative iff it is \(\omega\)-pseudo-contractive.

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