On gravitational effects in the Schrödinger equation
curved space-timegravitational fieldprobability currentquantum cosmologySchrödinger equationsuperconductivity
Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics (81Q05) Quantum mechanics on special spaces: manifolds, fractals, graphs, lattices (81Q35) Gravitational interaction in quantum theory (81V17) Statistical mechanics of superconductors (82D55) Relativistic cosmology (83F05)
Some gravitational effects in the Schrödinger equations are obtained by generalizing its expression from the Minkowski space-time to a curved background space-time. This equation is obtained either from the Klein-Gordon action S or from the one-dimensional action \(S_1\) of the point particle in the semi-classical approximation. It is shown that, unlike of Minkowski case, these two methods generally yield equations that differ in the curved space-time. The mass \(m\) of the point particle is replaced by an effective mass \(M = \sqrt{m^2-\xi R}\), where \(\xi\) is an arbitrary parameter and \(R\) is the Ricci scalar of the curved space-time. The values \(\xi = 0, 1/6\) correspond to minimal and conformal coupling, respectively. It is shown that the results of this paper allow to obtain a generalization of the fundamental macroscopic Ginzburg-Landau equation of superconductivity to curved space-time. The probability current is constructed and it is proven that the conservation of the probability and electrical current requires both electromagnetic gauge and space-time coordinates conditions to be imposed. The quantum-cosmological Schrödinger equation is also discussed in the \(D\)-dimensional mini-superspace. It is shown that the maximally symmetric ground state satisfying the field equation is Minkowski space for \(3\leq D\leq7\) and anti-deSitter space for \(8\leq D\leq10\). The fundamental questions like quantum constraint equations imposed to quantize the gravitational field and meaning of the coordinate time are also discussed.
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