Fluctuation-dissipation relation for systems with spatially varying friction

DOI10.1007/S10955-014-1045-4zbMATH Open1301.82040arXiv1402.4598OpenAlexW2111674120MaRDI QIDQ478404FDOQ478404

Authors: Oded Farago, Niels Grønbech-Jensen 

Publication date: 3 December 2014

Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: When a particle diffuses in a medium with spatially dependent friction coefficient $alpha(r)$ at constant temperature $T$, it drifts toward the low friction end of the system even in the absence of any real physical force $f$. This phenomenon, which has been previously studied in the context of non-inertial Brownian dynamics, is termed "spurious drift", although the drift is real and stems from an inertial effect taking place at the short temporal scales. Here, we study the diffusion of particles in inhomogeneous media within the framework of the inertial Langevin equation. We demonstrate that the quantity which characterizes the dynamics with non-uniform $alpha(r)$ is not the displacement of the particle $Deltar=r-r^0$ (where $r^0$ is the initial position), but rather $DeltaA(r)=A(r)-A(r^0)$, where $A(r)$ is the primitive function of $alpha(r)$. We derive expressions relating the mean and variance of $DeltaA$ to $f$, $T$, and the duration of the dynamics $Deltat$. For a constant friction coefficient $alpha(r)=alpha$, these expressions reduce to the well known forms of the force-drift and fluctuation-dissipation relations. We introduce a very accurate method for Langevin dynamics simulations in systems with spatially varying $alpha(r)$, and use the method to validate the newly derived expressions.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1402.4598

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zbMATH Keywords

diffusioncomputer simulationsLangevin dynamicsfluctuation-dissipation theoremFick's lawItô-Stratonovich dilemma

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Stochastic methods (Fokker-Planck, Langevin, etc.) applied to problems in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C31)

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Cited In (12)

• Generalization of Stokes–Einstein relation to coordinate dependent damping and diffusivity: an apparent conflict
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• Random walk model for coordinate-dependent diffusion in a force field
• Algorithms for Brownian dynamics across discontinuities
• Geometrical optics of large deviations of Brownian motion in inhomogeneous media
• Equilibrium stochastic dynamics of a Brownian particle in inhomogeneous space: derivation of an alternative model
• Equilibrium of a Brownian particle with coordinate dependent diffusivity and damping: generalized Boltzmann distribution
• Itô-distribution from Gibbs measure and a comparison with experiment
• Smoluchowski-Kramers approximation in the case of variable friction
• Hydrodynamic fluctuations in the presence of one parameter Mittag-Leffler friction
• Semiclassical quantizing spatially dependent friction and anomalous diffusion
• Application of underdamped Langevin dynamics simulations for the study of diffusion from a drug-eluting stent

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