Stratified order one differential equations in positive characteristic
algebraic curvesfirst order differential equationGrothendieck-Katz conjecturepositive characteristicstratification
Abstract differential equations (12H20) Coverings in algebraic geometry (14E20) Ramification problems in algebraic geometry (14E22) Differentials and other special sheaves; D-modules; Bernstein-Sato ideals and polynomials (14F10) Algebraic aspects (differential-algebraic, hypertranscendence, group-theoretical) of ordinary differential equations in the complex domain (34M15)
This paper continues previous studies on the classification of first-order differential equations over \(C\left( z \right)\) and finding algebraic solutions of such equations see [\textit{Ngo, L.X. Chau, K. A. Nguyen} and \textit{M. van der Put}, ``Equivalence of differential equations of order one, Preprint, Top, J., \url{arXiv:1303.4960}, (2013)]. Let \(C\) be an algebraically closed field of characteristic \(p>0\), and \(K\) be a finite separable extension of \(C\left( z \right)\). The authors consider equations of the form \(f\left( {y}',y \right)=0\), where \(f\in K\left[ S,T \right],\text{ }\,f\) is absolutely irreducible polynomial and \(\frac{df}{dS}\notin (f)\). In addition the natural continuation of the differentiation of \(K\) onto \(K\left[ S,\text{ }T \right]/(f)\) must satisfy the condition \({{D}^{p}}=0\) (admits a stratification). They give criteria for deciding whether the equation admits a stratification. It turns out that the autonomous (\(f\in C\left[ S,\text{ }T \right]\)) differential equation admitting a stratification has a separable algebraic solution. Also for such equations a Grothendieck-Katz conjecture is true, see \textit{M. van der Put} [Indag. Math., New Ser. 12, No. 1, 113--124 (2001; Zbl 1004.12005)]. All solutions of \(f\left( {y}',y \right)=0\) are algebraic if and only if for almost all primes \(p\) the reduced equation \(f \mod p\) is stratified.
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