Multivariate Apéry numbers and supercongruences of rational functions

DOI10.2140/ANT.2014.8.1985MaRDI QIDQ482302zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Armin Straub

Publication date 22 December 2014

Published in Algebra \& Number Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1401.0854

zbMATH Keywords

supercongruencesAlmkvist-Zudilin numbersdiagonals of rational functionsApéry numbers

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Factorials, binomial coefficients, combinatorial functions (05A10) Congruences; primitive roots; residue systems (11A07) Special sequences and polynomials (11B83) Recurrences (11B37)

Abstract: One of the many remarkable properties of the Ap'ery numbers $A(n)$, introduced in Ap'ery's proof of the irrationality of $zeta(3)$, is that they satisfy the two-term supercongruences �egin{equation*} A (p^r m) equiv A (p^{r - 1} m) pmod{p^{3 r}} end{equation*} for primes $pgeq5$. Similar congruences are conjectured to hold for all Ap'ery-like sequences. We provide a fresh perspective on the supercongruences satisfied by the Ap'ery numbers by showing that they extend to all Taylor coefficients $A(n_1,n_2,n_3,n_4)$ of the rational function �egin{equation*} frac{1}{(1 - x_1 - x_2) (1 - x_3 - x_4) - x_1 x_2 x_3 x_4} . end{equation*} The Ap'ery numbers are the diagonal coefficients of this function, which is simpler than previously known rational functions with this property. Our main result offers analogous results for an infinite family of sequences, indexed by partitions $lambda$, which also includes the Franel and Yang--Zudilin numbers as well as the Ap'ery numbers corresponding to $zeta(2)$. Using the example of the Almkvist--Zudilin numbers, we further indicate evidence of multivariate supercongruences for other Ap'ery-like sequences.

Recommendations

• Supercongruences for Apéry-like numbers
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Cited in

(23)

• Proof of a Dwork-type supercongruence by induction
• On a class of hypergeometric diagonals
• Supercongruences for the Almkvist-Zudilin numbers
• Sequences, modular forms and cellular integrals
• Diagonal asymptotics for symmetric rational functions via ACSV
• \(p\)-linear schemes for sequences modulo \(p^{r}\)
• Gaussian binomial coefficients with negative arguments
• More supercongruences for generalized Apéry numbers
• Some conjectural supercongruences related to Bernoulli and Euler numbers
• Diagonal representation of algebraic power series: a glimpse behind the scenes
• New Representations for all Sporadic Apéry-Like Sequences, With Applications to Congruences
• Divisibility properties of sporadic Apéry-like numbers
• On the representability of sequences as constant terms
• On some congruences involving Apéry-like numbers S_n
• Congruences for Apéry numbers \(\beta_n = \sum_{k = 0}^n \binom{n}{k}^2 \binom{n + k}{k}\)
• Supercongruences for Apéry-like numbers
• Supercongruences for polynomial analogs of the Apéry numbers
• Automatic congruences for diagonals of rational functions
• Supercongruences for sporadic sequences
• Supercongruences concerning bi\(^s\)nomial coefficients
• Lucas congruences for the Apéry numbers modulo \(p^2\)
• Gessel-Lucas congruences for sporadic sequences
• Generalized Lucas congruences and linear \(p\)-schemes

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