Combinatorial Identities Deriving From The N-th Power Of A 2\Times 2 Matrix

zbMATH Open1123.05300arXiv1812.11168MaRDI QIDQ4831489FDOQ4831489

James McLaughlin

Publication date: 3 January 2005

Abstract: In this paper we give a new formula for the $n$-th power of a $2imes2$ matrix. More precisely, we prove the following: Let $$ be an arbitrary $2imes2$ matrix, $T=a+d$ its trace, $D=ad-bc$ its determinant and define [ y_{n} :,= sum_{i=0}^{lfloor n/2 floor}�inom{n-i}{i}T^{n-2 i}(-D)^{i}. ] Then, for $ngeq1$, �egin{equation*} A^{n}=left ( �egin{matrix} y_{n}-d ,y_{n-1} & b ,y_{n-1} \ c, y_{n-1}& y_{n}-a, y_{n-1} end{matrix} ight ). end{equation*} We use this formula together with an existing formula for the $n$-th power of a matrix, various matrix identities, formulae for the $n$-th power of particular matrices, etc, to derive various combinatorial identities.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.11168

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Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Combinatorial identities, bijective combinatorics (05A19) Matrix exponential and similar functions of matrices (15A16)

Cited In (12)

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• Applications of a new formula for OPUC with periodic Verblunsky coefficients
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• Matrices over commutative rings as sums of fifth and seventh powers of matrices
• The nth Power of a 2 × 2 Matrix
• Spectral dynamics for the infinite dihedral group and the lamplighter group
• Universality at an endpoint for orthogonal polynomials with Geronimus-type weights
• Matrices over commutative rings as sums of higher powers
• Some identities deriving from the \(n\)th power of a special matrix
• Spectra of Cayley graphs of the lamplighter group and random Schrödinger operators
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• A three by three Pascal matrix representations of the generalized Fibonacci and Lucas sequences

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