Most odd degree hyperelliptic curves have only one rational point

DOI10.4007/ANNALS.2014.180.3.7zbMATH Open1303.11073arXiv1302.0061OpenAlexW3105806066MaRDI QIDQ483232FDOQ483232

Bjorn Poonen, Michael Stoll

Publication date: 16 December 2014

Published in: Annals of Mathematics. Second Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Consider the smooth projective models C of curves y^2=f(x) with f(x) in Z[x] monic and separable of degree 2g+1. We prove that for g >= 3, a positive fraction of these have only one rational point, the point at infinity. We prove a lower bound on this fraction that tends to 1 as g tends to infinity. Finally, we show that C(Q) can be algorithmically computed for such a fraction of the curves. The method can be summarized as follows: using p-adic analysis and an idea of McCallum, we develop a reformulation of Chabauty's method that shows that certain computable conditions imply #C(Q)=1; on the other hand, using further p-adic analysis, the theory of arithmetic surfaces, a new result on torsion points on hyperelliptic curves, and crucially the Bhargava-Gross equidistribution theorem for nonzero 2-Selmer group elements, we prove that these conditions are often satisfied for p=2.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1302.0061

zbMATH Keywords

rational pointSelmer grouphyperelliptic curve

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

[https://portal.mardi4nfdi.de/w/index.php?search=%2211G30%22&title=Special%3ASearch&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&ns120=1 Curves of arbitrary genus or genus ( e 1) over global fields (11G30)] Global ground fields in algebraic geometry (14G25)

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Cited In (15)

• On the proportion of locally soluble superelliptic curves
• Uniform bounds for the number of rational points on hyperelliptic curves of small Mordell-Weil rank
• On the arithmetic of simple singularities of type \(E\)
• Arithmetic statistics of Prym surfaces
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• Most odd-degree binary forms fail to primitively represent a square

Uses Software

• KoszulDivisorOnPic14M8

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