Unbounded regime for circle maps with a flat interval

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Abstract: We study C^2 weakly order preserving circle maps with a flat interval. In particular we are interested in the geometry of the mapping near to the singularities at the boundary of the flat interval. Without any assumption on the rotation number we show that the geometry is degenerate when the degree of the singularities is less than or equal to two and becomes bounded when the degree goes to three. As an example of application, the result is applied to study Cherry flows.


In the paper a class, denoted by \(\mathcal{L}\), of circle maps of degree one is studied. Roughly speaking, this class consists of continuous circle maps of degree one, which are twice continuously differentiable except at two points (endpoints of the flat interval) and can be represented as \(x^l\) (the positive real number \(l\) is called the critical exponent of the mapping) on some half-open neighborhoods of these points. The main aim of the paper is to investigate the geometry of the mappings from the class \(\mathcal{L}\) near the boundary points of the flat interval, which is measured by a sequence \((\tau _n)_{n\in \mathbb N}\). The author shows that if a mapping belongs to \(\mathcal{L}\), then the sequence \((\tau _n)_{n\in \mathbb N}\) tends to zero for \(1<l\leq 2\), whereas it is bounded away from zero for \(l\geq 3\) (it remains unknown what happens between 2 and 3). Some applications of the obtained result to Cherry flows are also given.











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