Triangulations of the sphere, bitrades and abelian groups

DOI10.1007/S00493-014-2924-7MaRDI QIDQ484547zbMATHOpenAlexFDO

Authors Simon R. Blackburn, Thomas A. McCourt

Publication date 7 January 2015

Published in Combinatorica (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1112.5423

2-edge coloring monochromatic cycles partitioning vertex set

Planar graphs; geometric and topological aspects of graph theory (05C10) Algebraic combinatorics (05E99) Ramsey theory (05D10) Triple systems (05B07)

Abstract: Let

G

be a triangulation of the sphere with vertex set

V

, such that the faces of the triangulation are properly coloured black and white. Motivated by applications in the theory of bitrades, Cavenagh and Wanless defined

A_{W}

to be the abelian group generated by the set

V

, with relations

r + c + s = 0

for all white triangles with vertices

r

,

c

and

s

. The group

A_{B}

can be defined similarly, using black triangles. The paper shows that

A_{W}

and

A_{B}

are isomorphic, thus establishing the truth of a well-known conjecture of Cavenagh and Wanless. Connections are made between the structure of

A_{W}

and the theory of asymmetric Laplacians of finite directed graphs, and weaker results for orientable surfaces of higher genus are given. The relevance of the group

A_{W}

to the understanding of the embeddings of a partial latin square in an abelian group is also explained.

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