Realization spaces of 4-polytopes are universal

DOI10.1090/S0273-0979-1995-00604-XzbMATH Open0853.52012arXivmath/9510217MaRDI QIDQ4884444FDOQ4884444

Jürgen Richter-Gebert, Günter M. Ziegler

Publication date: 9 January 1997

Published in: Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Let $Psubset{R}^d$ be a $d$-dimensional polytope. The {em realization space} of~$P$ is the space of all polytopes $P^{\prime }subset{R}^d$ that are combinatorially equivalent to~$P$, modulo affine transformations. We report on work by the first author, which shows that realization spaces of mbox{4-dimensional} polytopes can be ``arbitrarily bad: namely, for every primary semialgebraic set~$V$ defined over~$$, there is a $4$-polytope $P(V)$ whose realization space is ``stably equivalent to~$V$. This implies that the realization space of a $4$-polytope can have the homotopy type of an arbitrary finite simplicial complex, and that all algebraic numbers are needed to realize all $4$- polytopes. The proof is constructive. These results sharply contrast the $3$-dimensional case, where realization spaces are contractible and all polytopes are realizable with integral coordinates (Steinitz's Theorem). No similar universality result was previously known in any fixed dimension.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/math/9510217

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zbMATH Keywords

polytopessemi-algebraic setsstable equivalenceSteinitz's Theoremrealization spaces

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Analysis of algorithms and problem complexity (68Q25) (n)-dimensional polytopes (52B11) Semialgebraic sets and related spaces (14P10)

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Cited In (27)

• Enumerating Neighborly Polytopes and Oriented Matroids
• The complexity of recognizing geometric hypergraphs
• Framework for \(\exists\mathbb{R}\)-completeness of two-dimensional packing problems
• On classifying continuous constraint satisfaction problems
• The complexity of the Hausdorff distance
• Treetopes and their graphs
• On the Complexity of the Planar Slope Number Problem
• Realizability and inscribability for simplicial polytopes via nonlinear optimization
• Further \(\exists{\mathbb{R}} \)-complete problems with PSD matrix factorizations
• A practical algorithm with performance guarantees for the art gallery problem
• Embedding stacked polytopes on a polynomial-size grid
• Representing matroids over the reals is \(\exists \mathbb{R}\)-complete
• Finding a simple polytope from its graph in polynomial time
• ON THE DIMENSIONS OF THE REALIZATION SPACES OF POLYTOPES
• Positive Plücker tree certificates for non-realizability
• Completeness for the complexity class \(\forall \exists \mathbb{R}\) and area-universality
• Small grid embeddings of 3-polytopes
• Six Topics on Inscribable Polytopes
• Hom-polytopes
• The universality theorem for neighborly polytopes
• Combining realization space models of polytopes
• The Complexity of Positive Semidefinite Matrix Factorization
• Realization spaces of 4-polytopes are universal
• Smoothing the Gap Between NP and ER
• A note on the existence of a universal polytope among regular 4-polytopes
• Fixed points, Nash equilibria, and the existential theory of the reals
• The complete enumeration of 4-polytopes and 3-spheres with nine vertices

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