General theory of measurement with two copies of a quantum state

DOI10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.103.040404zbMATH Open1254.81007WikidataQ84359344 ScholiaQ84359344MaRDI QIDQ4898079FDOQ4898079

Authors Ariel Bendersky, Juan Pablo Paz, Marcelo Terra Cunha

Publication date 29 December 2012

Published in Physical Review Letters (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0904.3576

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum measurement theory, state operations, state preparations (81P15)

Abstract: We analyze the possible results of the most general measurement on two copies of a quantum state. We show that $mu$ can label a set of outcomes of such measurement if and only if there is a family of completely co--positive (ccP) maps $C_{m}u$ such that the probability of occurrence $Prob(mu)$ is the fidelity of the map $C_{m}u$, i.e. $Prob(mu)=Tr(ho{C}_{m}u(ho))$ which must add up to the fully depolarizing map. This implies that a POVM on two copies induces a measure on the set of ccP maps (i.e., a ccPMVM). We present examples of ccPMVM's and discuss their tomographic applications showing that two copies of a state provide an exponential improvement in the efficiency of quantum state tomography. This enables the existence of an efficient universal detector.

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