An applied mathematical excursion through Lyapunov inequalities, classical analysis and differential equations

DOI10.1007/BF03322601MaRDI QIDQ489952zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Salvador Villegas, Antonio Cañada

Publication date 21 January 2015

Published in S\(\vec{\text{e}}\)MA Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1110.0921

stability boundary value problems ordinary differential equations partial differential equations resonance Lyapunov inequalities

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Linear boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B05) Nonlinear boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B15) Oscillation theory, zeros, disconjugacy and comparison theory for ordinary differential equations (34C10) Variational methods for second-order elliptic equations (35J20) Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25) Existence theories for optimal control problems involving ordinary differential equations (49J15) Existence theories for optimal control problems involving partial differential equations (49J20)

Abstract: Several different problems make the study of the so called Lyapunov type inequalities of great interest, both in pure and applied mathematics. Although the original historical motivation was the study of the stability properties of the Hill equation (which applies to many problems in physics and engineering), other questions that arise in systems at resonance, crystallography, isoperimetric problems, Rayleigh type quotients, etc. lead to the study of

L_{p}

Lyapunov inequalities (

1 l e q p l e q i n f t y

) for differential equations. In this work we review some recent results on these kinds of questions which can be formulated as optimal control problems. In the case of Ordinary Differential Equations, we consider periodic and antiperiodic boundary conditions at higher eigenvalues and by using a more accurate version of the Sturm separation theory, an explicit optimal result is obtained. Then, we establish Lyapunov inequalities for systems of equations. To this respect, a key point is the characterization of the best

L^{p}

Lyapunov constant for the scalar given problem, as a minimum of some especial (constrained or unconstrained) variational problems defined in appropriate subsets of the usual Sobolev spaces. For Partial Differential Equations on a domain

O m e g a s u b s e t e a l^{N}

, it is proved that the relation between the quantities

p

and

N / 2

plays a crucial role in order to obtain nontrivial

L_{p}

Lyapunov type inequalities (which are called Sobolev inequalities by many authors). This fact shows a deep difference with respect to the ordinary case. Combining the linear results with Schauder fixed point theorem, we can obtain some new results about the existence and uniqueness of solutions for resonant nonlinear problems for ODE or PDE, both in the scalar case and in the case of systems of equations

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