Hadronic beam models for quasars and microquasars

DOI10.1051/0004-6361/201116488zbMATH Open1260.85096arXiv1102.0851OpenAlexW3103218421WikidataQ68998042 ScholiaQ68998042MaRDI QIDQ4905686FDOQ4905686

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Publication date: 20 February 2013

Published in: Astronomy & Astrophysics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Most of the hadronic jet models for quasars (QSOs) and microquasars (MQs) found in literature represent beams of particles (e.g. protons). These particles interact with the matter in the stellar wind of the companion star in the system or with crossing clouds, generating gamma-rays via proton-proton processes. Our aim is to derive the particle distribution in the jet as seen by the observer, so that proper computation of the $gamma$-ray and neutrino yields can be done. We use relativistic invariants to obtain the transformed expressions in the case of a power-law and power-law with a cutoff particle distribution in the beam. We compare with previous expressions used earlier in the literature. We show that formerly used expressions for the particle distributions in the beam as seen by the observer are in error, differences being strongly dependent on the viewing angle. For example, for $Gamma=10$ ($Gamma$ is the Lorentz factor of the blob) and angles larger than $sim20^o$, the earlier-used calculation entails an over-prediction (order of magnitude or more) of the proton spectra for $E>Gammam{c}^2$, whereas it always over-predicts (two orders of magnitude) the proton spectrum at lower energies, disregarding the viewing angle. All the results for photon and neutrino fluxes in hadronic models in beams that have made use of the earlier calculation are affected. Given that correct gamma-ray fluxes will be in almost any case significantly diminished in comparison with published results, and that the time of observations in Cherenkov facilities grows with the square of the flux-reduction factor in a statistically limited result, the possibility of observing hadronic beams is undermined.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1102.0851

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zbMATH Keywords

astroparticle physicsISM: jets and outflowsgamma rays

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Radiative transfer in astronomy and astrophysics (85A25) Stability and instability of geophysical and astrophysical flows (76E20) Galactic and stellar structure (85A15)

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