Fast evaluation of asymptotic waveforms from gravitational perturbations
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Publication:4915045
Wave equation (35L05) Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy problems) (83C05) Approximation procedures, weak fields in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C25) Black holes (83C57) Lattice gravity, Regge calculus and other discrete methods in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C27) Computational methods for problems pertaining to relativity and gravitational theory (83-08)
Abstract: In the context of blackhole perturbation theory, we describe both exact evaluation of an asymptotic waveform from a time series recorded at a finite radial location and its numerical approximation. From the user's standpoint our technique is easy to implement, affords high accuracy, and works for both axial (Regge-Wheeler) and polar (Zerilli) sectors. Our focus is on the ease of implementation with publicly available numerical tables, either as part of an existing evolution code or a post-processing step. Nevertheless, we also present a thorough theoretical discussion of asymptotic waveform evaluation and radiation boundary conditions, which need not be understood by a user of our methods. In particular, we identify (both in the time and frequency domains) analytical asymptotic waveform evaluation kernels, and describe their approximation by techniques developed by Alpert, Greengard, and Hagstrom. This paper also presents new results on the evaluation of far-field signals for the ordinary (acoustic) wave equation. We apply our method to study late-time decay tails at null-infinity, "teleportation" of a signal between two finite radial values, and luminosities from extreme-mass-ratio binaries. Through numerical simulations with the outer boundary as close in as r = 30M, we compute asymptotic waveforms with late-time t^{-4} decay (l = 2 perturbations), and also luminosities from circular and eccentric particle-orbits that respectively match frequency domain results to relative errors of better than 10^{-12} and 10^{-9}. Furthermore, we find that asymptotic waveforms are especially prone to contamination by spurious junk radiation.
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