Making the relativistic dynamics equation \textit{covariant}: explicit solutions for motion under a constant force

DOI10.1088/0031-8949/86/06/065008MaRDI QIDQ4921073zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Yaakov Friedman, Tzvi Scarr

Publication date 22 May 2013

Published in Physica Scripta (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1212.2959

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Relativistic dynamics for problems in Hamiltonian and Lagrangian mechanics (70H40)

Abstract: We derive a 4D covariant Relativistic Dynamics Equation. This equation canonically extends the 3D relativistic dynamics equation $mathbfF=fracdmathbfpdt$, where $mathbfF$ is the 3D force and $mathbfp=m_{0}gammamathbfv$ is the 3D relativistic momentum. The standard 4D equation $F=fracdpdau$ is only partially covariant. To achieve full Lorentz covariance, we replace the four-force $F$ by a rank 2 antisymmetric tensor acting on the four-velocity. By taking this tensor to be constant, we obtain a covariant definition of uniformly accelerated motion. This solves a problem of Einstein and Planck. We compute explicit solutions for uniformly accelerated motion. The solutions are divided into four Lorentz-invariant types: null, linear, rotational, and general. For null acceleration, the worldline is cubic in the time. Linear acceleration covariantly extends 1D hyperbolic motion, while rotational acceleration covariantly extends pure rotational motion.

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