Making the relativistic dynamics equation \textit{covariant}: explicit solutions for motion under a constant force

DOI10.1088/0031-8949/86/06/065008zbMATH Open1263.70026arXiv1212.2959OpenAlexW1971367811MaRDI QIDQ4921073FDOQ4921073

Authors: Yaakov Friedman, Tzvi Scarr 

Publication date: 22 May 2013

Published in: Physica Scripta (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We derive a 4D covariant Relativistic Dynamics Equation. This equation canonically extends the 3D relativistic dynamics equation $mathbfF=fracdmathbfpdt$, where $mathbfF$ is the 3D force and $mathbfp=m_{0}gammamathbfv$ is the 3D relativistic momentum. The standard 4D equation $F=fracdpdau$ is only partially covariant. To achieve full Lorentz covariance, we replace the four-force $F$ by a rank 2 antisymmetric tensor acting on the four-velocity. By taking this tensor to be constant, we obtain a covariant definition of uniformly accelerated motion. This solves a problem of Einstein and Planck. We compute explicit solutions for uniformly accelerated motion. The solutions are divided into four Lorentz-invariant types: null, linear, rotational, and general. For null acceleration, the worldline is cubic in the time. Linear acceleration covariantly extends 1D hyperbolic motion, while rotational acceleration covariantly extends pure rotational motion.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1212.2959

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Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Relativistic dynamics for problems in Hamiltonian and Lagrangian mechanics (70H40)

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